Journal
ATMOSPHERE
Volume 13, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/atmos13081263
Keywords
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); particulate matter (PM); occupational exposure; firefighter; (non)cancer risk assessment
Funding
- Polish Ministry of the Interior and Administration [UPB/22/000220, UPB/21/000900, UPB/21/000970]
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Firefighters are at a high risk of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and suspended particulate matter, which greatly increases their chances of developing cancer.
Among the many different chemicals in the air, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a serious threat to human health. Firefighters are exposed to them both during fire suppression and in fire vehicles and fire stations due to inhalation of the fumes from contaminated clothing and personal protective equipment. This study aimed to estimate the exposure and cancer risk caused by suspended particulate matter and PAHs present in these particles. Air samples were collected for 4 months in a garage of the fire station in a small town, located in an urban-rural area. PAH concentrations were measured using the gas chromatography method with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The concentration of PM4 (particulate matter with a diameter below 4 mu m) and TSP (total suspended particulate) in the fire station garage was 7 and 9 times higher than outside, respectively. The calculated values of health hazard risks associated with the exposure to PAHs in PM4 and TSP are: a toxic equivalent (TEQ) up to 10.36 and 23.3, incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) up to 3.45 and 4.65 and hazard quotient (HQ) up to 0.42 and 0.57, respectively. A significantly increased risk of cancers in the professional group of firefighters was found.
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