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Black Nativity and Health Disparities: A Research Paradigm for Understanding the Social Determinants of Health

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2022)

Journal

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Volume 19, Issue 15, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI

DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159166

Keywords

Blacks; African Americans; Black immigrants; immigrants; health disparities

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Abstract

The study explores the differences in health outcomes between native and foreign-born Black populations, finding that foreign-born Blacks perform better in terms of mental and physical health, providing important insights into the social determinants of population health disparities. Comparative studies can advance our understanding of the complex relationship between sociocultural context, population characteristics, and health outcomes.

After more than a century of research and debate, the scientific community has yet to reach agreement on the principal causes of racialized disparities in population health. This debate currently centers on the degree to which race residuals are a result of unobserved differences in the social context or unobserved differences in population characteristics. The comparative study of native and foreign-born Black populations represents a quasi-experimental design where race is held constant. Such studies present a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of the social determinants of population health disparities. Since native and foreign-born Black populations occupy different sociocultural locations, and since populations with greater African ancestry have greater genetic diversity, comparative studies of these populations will advance our understanding of the complex relationship between sociocultural context, population characteristics and health outcomes. Therefore, we offer a conceptual framing for the comparative study of native and foreign-born Blacks along with a review of 208 studies that compare the mental and physical health of these populations. Although there is some complexity, especially with respect to mental health, the overall pattern is that foreign-born Blacks have better health outcomes than native-born Blacks. After reviewing these studies, we conclude with suggestions for future studies in this promising area of social and medical research.

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Racial and Ethnic Differences in Major and Everyday Discrimination Among Older Adults: African Americans, Black Caribbeans, and Non-Latino Whites

Dominque Sylvers, Robert Joseph Taylor, Lisa Barnes, Mosi Adesina Ifatunji, Linda M. Chatters

Summary: This study examines the differences in major and everyday discrimination between African Americans, Black Caribbeans, and non-Latino White older adults. The results show that both African Americans and Black Caribbeans report more major and everyday discrimination compared to non-Latino Whites. However, there are no significant differences between African Americans and Whites in terms of being fired, neighbors making life difficult, and receiving poor service. There are also no significant differences between African Americans and Black Caribbeans in major or everyday discrimination.

JOURNAL OF AGING AND HEALTH (2022)