Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aurel Zelko, Jaroslav Rosenberger, Peter Kolarcik, Andrea Madarasova Geckova, Jitse P. P. van Dijk, Sijmen A. A. Reijneveld
Summary: Previous research indicates the positive effects of intradialytic resistance training (IRT) on muscle function in haemodialysis patients. However, the response to IRT varies among patients, possibly due to age and sex differences. This study aimed to examine how the effects of IRT on muscle function differ by age and sex in haemodialysis patients. The results showed that age modulated the changes in muscle function after IRT, and sex had a moderating effect on a certain measure of muscle function. Both age and sex were found to affect the short-term functional response to IRT in haemodialysis patients.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Yohan Han, Timothy W. Jones, Saugata Dutta, Yin Zhu, Xiaoyun Wang, S. Priya Narayanan, Susan C. Fagan, Duo Zhang
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential to serve as effective drug carriers, as they can deliver drugs efficiently and overcome some limitations of traditional drugs.
Review
Cell Biology
Matthew Kang, Vanessa Jordan, Cherie Blenkiron, Lawrence W. Chamley
Summary: The biodistribution of EVs in recipient animals is time-dependent, with small-EVs mostly abundant in the liver and large-EVs primarily present in the lungs. Detection peaked in the liver and kidneys within the first hour, while distribution to the lungs and spleen peaked between 2-12 hours. Standardized guidelines are recommended to reduce variability in methodology in future EV biodistribution studies.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dalila Iannotta, Amruta A., Andrew Lai, Soumyalekshmi Nair, Na'ama Koifman, Martha Lappas, Carlos Salomon, Joy Wolfram
Summary: This study introduces a novel method for purifying extracellular vesicles (EVs) by chemically-induced breakdown of lipoproteins. The use of a styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymer allows for selective breakdown of lipoproteins and subsequent size-based separation of breakdown products from plasma EVs, resulting in improved EV purity and yield.
Review
Cell Biology
Yvonne Couch, Edit I. Buzas, Dolores Di Vizio, Yong Song Gho, Paul Harrison, Andrew F. Hill, Jan Lotvall, Graca Raposo, Philip D. Stahl, Clotilde Thery, Kenneth W. Witwer, David R. F. Carter
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small cargo-bearing vesicles released by cells into the extracellular space, serving as a complex cell-to-cell communication mechanism that transfers functional cargo and influences biological processes, with deregulation in disease. The field of EVs has grown exponentially over the past two decades with an organized community, but still faces key challenges.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Franz L. Ricklefs, Cecile L. Maire, Kathrin Wollmann, Lasse Duehrsen, Krystian D. Fita, Felix Sahm, Christel Herold-Mende, Andreas von Deimling, Katharina Kolbe, Mareike Holz, Leonie Bergmann, Marceline M. Fuh, Hartmut Schlueter, Malik Alawi, Rudolph Reimer, Peine Sven, Markus Glatzel, Manfred Westphal, Katrin Lamszus
Summary: Elevated levels of EVs in the plasma of meningioma patients could assist in tumor diagnosis and evaluation of treatment response. Analysis of EV-DNA methylation and proteomic profiling revealed genetic and epigenetic tumor alterations, facilitating molecular tumor classification.
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xiaolin Jin, Haiyan Sun, Lina Yang
Summary: EVs play a dual role in sepsis and have potential for diagnosis and treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Milad Moloudizargari, Mohammad Hossein Asghari, Ajay Goel
Summary: The passage discusses the three main therapeutic uses of extracellular vesicles (EVs): as drug targets, as drugs themselves, and as drug carriers. It emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of EVs' biology and function for their effective therapeutic applications, while exploring various strategies for their use in therapy.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Geovanny Genaro Reivan Ortiz, Neelam Hazoor Zaidi, Ravinder S. Saini, Andres Alexis Ramirez Coronel, Tahani Alsandook, Methaq Hadi Lafta, Jose Luis Arias-Gonzales, Ali H. Amin, Renato R. Maaliw III
Summary: Autoimmune diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions caused by the loss of immunological tolerance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) have immunomodulatory functions and show therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Matthew D. Jones, Michael A. Wewege, Daniel A. Hackett, Justin W. L. Keogh, Amanda D. Hagstrom
Summary: The study found sex differences in adaptations to resistance training in older adults, with females gaining more relative lower-body strength compared to males, while males gaining more absolute upper-body strength, lower-body strength, and muscle size. The interpretation of sex-dependent adaptations is heavily influenced by the presentation of results in either an absolute or relative context.
Review
Neurosciences
Samantha L. Reed, Andrew Escayg
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous particles that contain various molecules and play important roles in intercellular communication. They have shown efficacy in models of neurological disorders by reducing symptoms and providing benefits, making them a promising avenue for future research and clinical applications.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Johannes Jun Wei Low, Siti Aishah Sulaiman, Nor Adzimah Johdi, Nadiah Abu
Summary: Glioblastoma is an aggressive type of brain cancer that poses challenges for treatment. Extracellular vesicles, nanosized vesicles secreted by cells, play important roles in immunomodulation. The extracellular vesicles secreted by tumor and immune cells participate in various immunomodulatory effects, affecting the survival and progression of the tumor in the brain.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Pei-pei Hou, Hang-zi Chen
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication, playing crucial roles in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment and modulating tumor-specific immunity. Through the mutual communication via EVs, tumor cells and immune cells achieve bidirectional regulation in the TIME.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hannah J. Thomas, Channa E. Marsh, Leanne Lester, Barbara A. Maslen, Louise H. Naylor, Daniel J. Green
Summary: This study compared the differences in cardiovascular risk factor responses between males and females following endurance and resistance training. It found that males had a larger improvement in peak oxygen consumption following endurance training and strength following resistance training compared to females, but these changes did not translate to changes in other cardiovascular risk factors.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carlos Salomon, Saumya Das, Uta Erdbrugger, Raghu Kalluri, Sai Kiang Lim, Jerrold M. Olefsky, Gregory E. Rice, Susmita Sahoo, W. Andy Tao, Pieter Vader, Qun Wang, Alissa M. Weaver
Summary: The hormone-like role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cell-to-cell communication has gained significant interest in the past decade. EVs, as a heterogeneous population of membrane-bound vesicles, carry endocrine signals and play a role in various biological activities. They can also serve as indicators of diseases. This article aims to highlight the importance of EV research and its potential role in the field of endocrinology.
Article
Sport Sciences
Aaron M. Sinnott, Shawn R. Eagle, Victoria Kochick, Michael W. Collins, R. J. Elbin, Christopher Connaboy, Anthony P. Kontos, Indira R. Bricker, Patrick J. Sparto, Shawn D. Flanagan
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the intrarater and test-retest reliability of the Dynamic Exertion Test (EXiT) in healthy athletes, as well as the minimal detectable change (MDC) scores for physiological, performance, and clinical outcomes. The results showed that the EXiT is a reliable and objective approach to inform return-to-play decision-making following sport-related concussion recovery.
SPORTS HEALTH-A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Aaron M. Sinnott, Kellen T. Krajewski, Alice D. LaGoy, Meaghan E. Beckner, Felix Proessl, Maria C. Canino, Bradley C. Nindl, Rose L. Turner, Mita T. Lovalekar, Chris Connaboy, Shawn D. Flanagan
Summary: Lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries (LEMSIs) pose a significant burden on tactical and first responder populations. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials from 1955 to 2020 was conducted to determine the effectiveness of LEMSI prevention strategies. The results indicate weak evidence to support current LEMSI prevention strategies.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Meaghan E. Beckner, Harris R. Lieberman, Adrienne Hatch-McChesney, Jillian T. Allen, Philip J. Niro, Lauren A. Thompson, J. Philip Karl, Jess A. Gwin, Lee M. Margolis, Stephen R. Hennigar, James P. McClung, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: Sustained military operations conducted with physical and cognitive stress and limited sleep can lead to degraded cognitive performance and mood. It is unclear whether maintaining energy balance can mitigate these declines.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alice D. LaGoy, William R. Conkright, Felix Proessl, Aaron M. Sinnott, Meaghan E. Beckner, Leslie Jabloner, Shawn R. Eagle, Nicole M. Sekel, Peter G. Roma, Michael N. Dretsch, Shawn D. Flanagan, Qi Mi, Bradley C. Nindl, Anne Germain, Christopher Connaboy, Fabio Ferrarelli
Summary: This study examined the role of individual differences in baseline sleep on baseline physical performance and on changes in physical performance during exposure to simulated military operational stress. The results suggest that higher daytime sleepiness and slow wave activity may reflect more chronic exposure to insufficient sleep and higher baseline sleep drive, which in turn compromise physical performance.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sophie L. Wardle, T. J. O'Leary, S. Jackson, J. P. Greeves
Summary: This study aims to understand the risk of injury for female personnel in the UK Armed Forces. The results show that women have higher rates of musculoskeletal injuries, particularly in the lower limb and hip, compared to men. However, there are no gender differences in current or career medical downgrading due to musculoskeletal injury. Men in non-combat roles are more likely to be medically downgraded due to musculoskeletal injury compared to men in combat roles. Longer service time and faster 1.5-mile run times are associated with increased prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries, and being female is a predictor for hip injury. Therefore, preventing hip injuries should be a specific focus for mitigating risks for women.
BMJ MILITARY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Elizabeth F. Nagle, Takashi Nagai, Anne Beethe, Mita Lovalekar, Meghan S. Tuite, Meaghan E. Beckner, Jacquelyn N. Zera, Mary E. Sanders, Chris Connaboy, John P. Abt, Kim Beals, Scott M. Lephart, Robert J. Robertson, Bradley C. Nindl
Summary: A reliable and valid swimming protocol for assessing maximal aerobic uptake (VO(2)max(sw)) is needed. This study evaluated the reliability and performance validity of a VO(2)max(sw) flume protocol using the 457-m freestyle pool performance swim test as the criterion. The results showed that this swimming protocol is reliable and valid, providing an alternative for military, open water, or individuals seeking to improve swimming performance.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mita Lovalekar, M. B. Bird, K. J. Koltun, E. Steele, J. Forse, J. L. Vera Cruz, A. F. Bannister, I Burns, Q. Mi, B. J. Martin, B. C. Nindl
Summary: This study examined musculoskeletal injuries during the USMC Officer Candidates School (OCS) from September 2020 to November 2021 among women and men. Results showed that women had a higher cumulative injury incidence (39.7%) compared to men (23.1%), and the obstacle course and the conditioning hike were the most frequent events associated with injuries. Women predominantly sustained lower body injuries (67.4%), while men had more knee injuries (23.3%). Strain was the most frequent injury type (women: 39.5%, men: 24.3%). A greater percentage of female MOCs (92.3%) were assigned light duty status following injuries compared to male MOCs (69.3%). Further investigation is needed to mitigate injuries during the obstacle course and the conditioning hike, and to understand modifiable sex-specific injury risk factors.
BMJ MILITARY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Alex A. Olmos, Adam J. Sterczala, Mandy E. Parra, Hannah L. Dimmick, Jonathan D. Miller, Jake A. Deckert, Stephanie A. Sontag, Philip M. Gallagher, Andrew C. Fry, Trent J. Herda, Michael A. Trevino
Summary: This study compared motor unit recruitment and firing rate patterns between sexes during different contraction intensities and found that females had higher firing rates and electromyographic signal amplitude, likely due to higher type I myosin heavy chain (MHC) content in their muscles.
Article
Sport Sciences
Adam J. Sterczala, Kellen T. Krajewski, Patrick A. Peterson, Nicole M. Sekel, Mita Lovalekar, Sophie L. Wardle, Thomas J. O'Leary, Julie P. Greeves, Shawn D. Flanagan, Christopher Connaboy, Bradley C. Nindl
Summary: In the British Army, ground close combat roles have been opened to women, but they must pass the gender-neutral Role Fitness Tests for Soldiers (RFT(S)). A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a 12-week training program on RFT(S) performance and to examine if there were differences between sexes. The results showed that both men and women improved their performance, but men outperformed women in all RFT(S) and physical performance measures. More training may be needed for women to pass the gender-neutral RFT(S).
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Alex A. Olmos, Stephanie A. Sontag, Adam J. Sterczala, Mandy E. Parra, Hannah L. Dimmick, Jonathan D. Miller, Jake A. Deckert, Trent J. Herda, Michael A. Trevino
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 5-week continuous cycling training intervention on the electromyographic amplitude (EMG(RMS))- and mechanomyographic amplitude (MMG(RMS))-torque relationships of the vastus lateralis (VL) during a prolonged contraction. The results showed that after training, the b-terms of the EMG(RMS)-torque relationships decreased, while the a-terms increased during the linearly decreasing segment. For the MMG(RMS)-torque relationships, the b-terms decreased and the a-terms increased. In conclusion, although cycling training improved aerobic endurance, incorporating resistance training may be beneficial as it resulted in increased neural cost and mechanical output for the same pre-training fatiguing contraction.
RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Caroline A. Tarnowski, Sophie L. Wardle, Thomas J. O'Leary, Robert M. Gifford, Julie P. Greeves, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: Prolonged low energy availability can negatively impact athletes' health and performance. The current measuring method for energy intake is limited and relies on self-reporting. This article introduces the energy balance method, which provides a more objective measurement of energy intake and can help identify low energy availability.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Thomas J. O'Leary, S. L. Wardle, A. J. Rawcliffe, S. Chapman, J. Mole, J. P. Greeves
Summary: Until recently, British women were not allowed in combat roles and had a higher risk of musculoskeletal injury during basic training compared to men. A study found that men in infantry training had a lower overall musculoskeletal injury incidence but a higher incidence of stress fracture compared to men in standard entry training. Women had a higher incidence of musculoskeletal injury than men in standard entry training and a higher incidence of stress fracture than men in officer training.
BMJ MILITARY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rebecca L. Double, S. L. Wardle, T. J. O'Leary, N. Weaden, G. Bailey, J. P. Greeves
Summary: According to defense medical records, the prevalence of hormonal contraceptive use among UK servicewomen is similar to the general population. Non-officer ranks are more likely to use hormonal contraceptives, and the contraceptive pill is the most commonly used method.
BMJ MILITARY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Charlotte Coombs, T. J. O'Leary, J. C. Y. Tang, W. D. Fraser, J. P. Greeves
Summary: This study investigated the bone density and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in women taking hormonal contraceptives at the start of basic military training. The results showed that the use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) was associated with increased bone turnover and decreased cortical bone integrity of the tibia, while trabecular bone was not affected by contraceptive use.
BMJ MILITARY HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Niamh Gill, A. Roberts, T. J. O'Leary, A. Liu, K. Hollands, D. Walker, J. P. Greeves, R. Jones
Summary: Load carriage and marching 'in-step' are routine military activities associated with lower limb injury risk in service personnel. This narrative review explores the effects of sex and stature on the biomechanics of marching and evaluates the implications for injury risk.
BMJ MILITARY HEALTH
(2023)
