Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in deep learning-based medical image analysis

On Interpretability of Artificial Neural Networks: A Survey

(2021) Feng-Lei Fan et al.   IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences

Multi-branch cross attention model for prediction of KRAS mutation in rectal cancer with t2-weighted MRI

(2020) JiaWen Wang et al.   APPLIED INTELLIGENCE

Fine-Grained Lung Cancer Classification from PET and CT Images Based on Multidimensional Attention Mechanism

(2020) RuoXi Qin et al.   COMPLEXITY

Offline computer-aided diagnosis for Glaucoma detection using fundus images targeted at mobile devices

(2020) José Martins et al.   COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE

Same same but different: A Web‐based deep learning application revealed classifying features for the histopathologic distinction of cortical malformations

(2020) Joshua Kubach et al.   EPILEPSIA

Ruling out rotator cuff tear in shoulder radiograph series using deep learning: redefining the role of conventional radiograph

(2020) Youngjune Kim et al.   EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY

Application of deep learning to the diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis from thyroid cancer with CT: external validation and clinical utility for resident training

(2020) Jeong Hoon Lee et al.   EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY

Development and Validation of a Multitask Deep Learning Model for Severity Grading of Hip Osteoarthritis Features on Radiographs

(2020) Claudio E. von Schacky et al.   RADIOLOGY

Demystifying Brain Tumor Segmentation Networks: Interpretability and Uncertainty Analysis

(2020) Parth Natekar et al.   Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience

AppendiXNet: Deep Learning for Diagnosis of Appendicitis from A Small Dataset of CT Exams Using Video Pretraining

(2020) Pranav Rajpurkar et al.   Scientific Reports

Deep Learning Predicts Molecular Subtype of Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer from Conventional Histopathological Slides

(2020) Ann-Christin Woerl et al.   EUROPEAN UROLOGY

Domain-invariant interpretable fundus image quality assessment

(2020) Yaxin Shen et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Automatic diagnosis for thyroid nodules in ultrasound images by deep neural networks

(2020) Lituan Wang et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Automatic detection of rare pathologies in fundus photographs using few-shot learning

(2020) Gwenolé Quellec et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Mimicking the radiologists’ workflow: Estimating pediatric hand bone age with stacked deep neural networks

(2020) Sven Koitka et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

A deep metric learning approach for histopathological image retrieval

(2020) Pengshuai Yang et al.   METHODS

Melanoma detection using adversarial training and deep transfer learning

(2020) Hasib Zunair et al.   PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY

Radiogenomic Analysis of Breast Cancer by Linking MRI Phenotypes with Tumor Gene Expression

(2020) Tycho Bismeijer et al.   RADIOLOGY

Intrapapillary capillary loop classification in magnification endoscopy: open dataset and baseline methodology

(2020) Luis C. García-Peraza-Herrera et al.   International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery

Computer-aided diagnosis for fetal brain ultrasound images using deep convolutional neural networks

(2020) Baihong Xie et al.   International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery

Resolving challenges in deep learning-based analyses of histopathological images using explanation methods

(2020) Miriam Hägele et al.   Scientific Reports

Generating Diagnostic Report for Medical Image by High-middle-level Visual Information Incorporation on Double Deep Learning Models

(2020) Xianhua Zeng et al.   COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE

Automated coronary artery atherosclerosis detection and weakly supervised localization on coronary CT angiography with a deep 3-dimensional convolutional neural network

(2020) Sema Candemir et al.   COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL IMAGING AND GRAPHICS

Convolutional Neural Network ensembles for accurate lung nodule malignancy prediction 2 years in the future

(2020) Rahul Paul et al.   COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

CovXNet: A multi-dilation convolutional neural network for automatic COVID-19 and other pneumonia detection from chest X-ray images with transferable multi-receptive feature optimization

(2020) Tanvir Mahmud et al.   COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

Explainable Anatomical Shape Analysis Through Deep Hierarchical Generative Models

(2020) Carlo Biffi et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING

Deep Neural Networks for Chronological Age Estimation From OPG Images

(2020) Nicolas Vila-Blanco et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING

A Mutual Bootstrapping Model for Automated Skin Lesion Segmentation and Classification

(2020) Yutong Xie et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING

COVID-19 Pneumonia Diagnosis Using a Simple 2D Deep Learning Framework With a Single Chest CT Image: Model Development and Validation

(2020) Hoon Ko et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH

DR|GRADUATE: Uncertainty-aware deep learning-based diabetic retinopathy grading in eye fundus images

(2020) Teresa Araújo et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Towards multi-center glaucoma OCT image screening with semi-supervised joint structure and function multi-task learning

(2020) Xi Wang et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Brain MRI analysis using a deep learning based evolutionary approach

(2020) Hossein Shahamat et al.   NEURAL NETWORKS

Implementation of model explainability for a basic brain tumor detection using convolutional neural networks on MRI slices

(2020) Paul Windisch et al.   NEURORADIOLOGY

Causality matters in medical imaging

(2020) Daniel C. Castro et al.   Nature Communications

Multi-input deep learning architecture for predicting breast tumor response to chemotherapy using quantitative MR images

(2020) Mohammed El Adoui et al.   International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery

Understanding Graph Isomorphism Network for rs-fMRI Functional Connectivity Analysis

(2020) Byung-Hoon Kim et al.   Frontiers in Neuroscience

A Bird’s-Eye View of Deep Learning in Bioimage Analysis

(2020) Erik Meijering   Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

Detection of Parkinson’s Disease from 3T T1 Weighted MRI Scans Using 3D Convolutional Neural Network

(2020) Sabyasachi Chakraborty et al.   Diagnostics

Interactive thyroid whole slide image diagnostic system using deep representation

(2020) Pingjun Chen et al.   COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE

Going deeper through the Gleason scoring scale: An automatic end-to-end system for histology prostate grading and cribriform pattern detection

(2020) Julio Silva-Rodríguez et al.   COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE

Weakly supervised object detection with 2D and 3D regression neural networks

(2020) Florian Dubost et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Volumetric breast density estimation on MRI using explainable deep learning regression

(2020) Bas H. M. van der Velden et al.   Scientific Reports

Interpretation and visualization techniques for deep learning models in medical imaging

(2020) Daniel T Huff et al.   PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY

An Interpretable Deep Hierarchical Semantic Convolutional Neural Network for Lung Nodule Malignancy Classification

(2019) Shiwen Shen et al.   EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS

Artificial intelligence for the real-time classification of intrapapillary capillary loop patterns in the endoscopic diagnosis of early oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A proof-of-concept study

(2019) M Everson et al.   United European Gastroenterology Journal

Not-so-supervised: a survey of semi-supervised, multi-instance, and transfer learning in medical image analysis

(2019) Veronika Cheplygina et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

SDFN: Segmentation-based Deep Fusion Network for Thoracic Disease Classification in Chest X-ray Images

(2019) Han Liu et al.   COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL IMAGING AND GRAPHICS

Deep learning for liver tumor diagnosis part II: convolutional neural network interpretation using radiologic imaging features

(2019) Clinton J. Wang et al.   EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY

Application of a deep learning algorithm for detection and visualization of hip fractures on plain pelvic radiographs

(2019) Chi-Tung Cheng et al.   EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY

Precise diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage and subtypes using a three-dimensional joint convolutional and recurrent neural network

(2019) Hai Ye et al.   EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY

Learning to detect chest radiographs containing pulmonary lesions using visual attention networks

(2019) Emanuele Pesce et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Attention gated networks: Learning to leverage salient regions in medical images

(2019) Jo Schlemper et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Automated semantic labeling of pediatric musculoskeletal radiographs using deep learning

(2019) Paul H. Yi et al.   PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY

Deep learning for identifying radiogenomic associations in breast cancer

(2019) Zhe Zhu et al.   COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

Deep-Learning-Based Semantic Labeling for 2D Mammography and Comparison of Complexity for Machine Learning Tasks

(2019) Paul H. Yi et al.   JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING

Medinoid: Computer-Aided Diagnosis and Localization of Glaucoma Using Deep Learning †

(2019) Mijung Kim et al.   Applied Sciences-Basel

Visual Interpretation of Convolutional Neural Network Predictions in Classifying Medical Image Modalities

(2019) Incheol Kim et al.   Diagnostics

Sample-Size Determination Methodologies for Machine Learning in Medical Imaging Research: A Systematic Review

(2019) Indranil Balki et al.   CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF RADIOLOGISTS JOURNAL-JOURNAL DE L ASSOCIATION CANADIENNE DES RADIOLOGISTES

Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Ulcer Recognition in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy: Experimental Feasibility and Optimization

(2019) Sen Wang et al.   Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

Classification of diabetes-related retinal diseases using a deep learning approach in optical coherence tomography

(2019) Oscar Perdomo et al.   COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE

Deep learning with ultrasonography: automated classification of liver fibrosis using a deep convolutional neural network

(2019) Jeong Hyun Lee et al.   EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY

Direct Automatic Coronary Calcium Scoring in Cardiac and Chest CT

(2019) Bob D. de Vos et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING

Objective Detection of Eloquent Axonal Pathways to Minimize Postoperative Deficits in Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Using Diffusion Tractography and Convolutional Neural Networks

(2019) Haotian Xu et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING

Justifying diagnosis decisions by deep neural networks

(2019) Graham Spinks et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS

Predicting Breast Cancer by Applying Deep Learning to Linked Health Records and Mammograms

(2019) Ayelet Akselrod-Ballin et al.   RADIOLOGY

Uncovering convolutional neural network decisions for diagnosing multiple sclerosis on conventional MRI using layer-wise relevance propagation

(2019) Fabian Eitel et al.   NeuroImage-Clinical

Cognitive signature of brain FDG PET based on deep learning: domain transfer from Alzheimer’s disease to Parkinson’s disease

(2019) Hongyoon Choi et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING

Novel relative relevance score for estimating brain connectivity from fMRI data using an explainable neural network approach

(2019) Shilpa Dang et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS

Clinical implementation of AI technologies will require interpretable AI models

(2019) Xun Jia et al.   MEDICAL PHYSICS

Definitions, methods, and applications in interpretable machine learning

(2019) W. James Murdoch et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Data-efficient deep learning of radiological image data for outcome prediction after endovascular treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke

(2019) A. Hilbert et al.   COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

Decoding and mapping task states of the human brain via deep learning

(2019) Xiaoxiao Wang et al.   HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING

Weakly Supervised Estimation of Shadow Confidence Maps in Fetal Ultrasound Imaging

(2019) Qingjie Meng et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING

A Large-Scale Database and a CNN Model for Attention-Based Glaucoma Detection

(2019) Liu Li et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING

Prediction of lower-grade glioma molecular subtypes using deep learning

(2019) Yutaka Matsui et al.   JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY

Pre and post-hoc diagnosis and interpretation of malignancy from breast DCE-MRI

(2019) Gabriel Maicas et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Shape and margin-aware lung nodule classification in low-dose CT images via soft activation mapping

(2019) Yiming Lei et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Predicting PET-derived demyelination from multimodal MRI using sketcher-refiner adversarial training for multiple sclerosis

(2019) Wen Wei et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Multi-task learning for quality assessment of fetal head ultrasound images

(2019) Zehui Lin et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Uncertainty and interpretability in convolutional neural networks for semantic segmentation of colorectal polyps

(2019) Kristoffer Wickstrøm et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Deep Learning Enables Automatic Classification of Emphysema Pattern at CT

(2019) Stephen M. Humphries et al.   RADIOLOGY

Lymph Node Metastasis Prediction from Primary Breast Cancer US Images Using Deep Learning

(2019) Li-Qiang Zhou et al.   RADIOLOGY

Deep learning enables pathologist-like scoring of NASH models

(2019) Fabian Heinemann et al.   Scientific Reports

Guided Soft Attention Network for Classification of Breast Cancer Histopathology Images

(2019) Heechan Yang et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING

Identifying Morphological Indicators of Aging With Neural Networks on Large-Scale Whole-Body MRI

(2019) Taro Langner et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING

Localizing B-Lines in Lung Ultrasonography by Weakly Supervised Deep Learning, In-Vivo Results

(2019) Ruud J. G. van Sloun et al.   IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics

Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Histopathological Images of the Endometrium Using a Convolutional Neural Network and Attention Mechanisms

(2019) Hao Sun et al.   IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics

Lesion Location Attention Guided Network for Multi-Label Thoracic Disease Classification in Chest X-Rays

(2019) Bingzhi Chen et al.   IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics

Pulmonary Textures Classification via a Multi-Scale Attention Network

(2019) Rui Xu et al.   IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics

Identifying Medical Diagnoses and Treatable Diseases by Image-Based Deep Learning

(2018) Daniel S. Kermany et al.   CELL

Laterality Classification of Fundus Images Using Interpretable Deep Neural Network

(2018) Yeonwoo Jang et al.   JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING

A computational framework for the detection of subcortical brain dysmaturation in neonatal MRI using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks

(2018) Rafael Ceschin et al.   NEUROIMAGE

Breast mass classification via deeply integrating the contextual information from multi-view data

(2018) Hongyu Wang et al.   PATTERN RECOGNITION

Detection and Classification of Cancer in Whole Slide Breast Histopathology Images Using Deep Convolutional Networks

(2018) Baris Gecer et al.   PATTERN RECOGNITION

Deep Learning in Diagnosis of Maxillary Sinusitis Using Conventional Radiography

(2018) Youngjune Kim et al.   INVESTIGATIVE RADIOLOGY

Peeking inside the black-box: A survey on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)

(2018) Amina Adadi et al.   IEEE Access

What Does Deep Learning See? Insights From a Classifier Trained to Predict Contrast Enhancement Phase From CT Images

(2018) Kenneth A. Philbrick et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY

3D regression neural network for the quantification of enlarged perivascular spaces in brain MRI

(2018) Florian Dubost et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

Enlarged perivascular spaces in brain MRI: Automated quantification in four regions

(2018) Florian Dubost et al.   NEUROIMAGE

Deep learning for chest radiograph diagnosis: A retrospective comparison of the CheXNeXt algorithm to practicing radiologists

(2018) Pranav Rajpurkar et al.   PLOS MEDICINE

Deep-learning-assisted diagnosis for knee magnetic resonance imaging: Development and retrospective validation of MRNet

(2018) Nicholas Bien et al.   PLOS MEDICINE

Deep learning for lung cancer prognostication: A retrospective multi-cohort radiomics study

(2018) Ahmed Hosny et al.   PLOS MEDICINE

An explainable deep-learning algorithm for the detection of acute intracranial haemorrhage from small datasets

(2018) Hyunkwang Lee et al.   Nature Biomedical Engineering

Assessment of Convolutional Neural Networks for Automated Classification of Chest Radiographs

(2018) Jared A. Dunnmon et al.   RADIOLOGY

Automated diagnosis of breast ultrasonography images using deep neural networks

(2018) Xiaofeng Qi et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

SpineNet: Automated classification and evidence visualization in spinal MRIs

(2017) Amir Jamaludin et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

A survey on deep learning in medical image analysis

(2017) Geert Litjens et al.   MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS

On Pixel-Wise Explanations for Non-Linear Classifier Decisions by Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation

(2015) Sebastian Bach et al.   PLoS One

SLIC Superpixels Compared to State-of-the-Art Superpixel Methods

(2012) R. Achanta et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE

Explaining Classifications For Individual Instances

(2008) M. Robnik-Sikonja et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING