Fecal microbiota transplantation versus glucocorticoids for the induction of remission in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis

Objective: To compare efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) with glucocorticoid as induction therapy in ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: The patients with active mild to moderate UC were recruited into the single-center, prospective cohort study. The patients were treated with either FMT (FMT group) or glucocorticoids (GCs group). Patients received FMT administration for 3 days. The primary outcome was clinical and endoscopic remission at week 12. Inflammatory parameters were assessed by routine blood tests. Safety was assessed by adverse events recorded. The serum levels of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A and IL-23 following FMT were measured by Luminex multiplex assay. Results: Of the 122 patients, 62 patients were treated with FMT and 60 with glucocorticoids. 34 patients in FMT group (54.8%) and 29 in GCs group (48.3%) reached the primary outcome (p = 0.30). The incidence of adverse events in GCs group (35/60, 58.3%) was significantly higher than that in FMT group (14/62, 22.6%) and two serious adverse events were observed following GCs. Patients in FMT group were stratified into responders (RE) and non-responders (NR) groups. The level of TNF-alpha and IL-6 decreased significantly in RE group, while IL-10 decreased significantly in NR group. Conclusion: FMT therapy was as effective as glucocorticoids to induce remission in active mild to moderate UC, accompanied by fewer adverse events. The modification of serum TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 might be related to the efficacy of FMT in UC.

Automated summary

This study compared the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) with glucocorticoids as induction therapy in ulcerative colitis (UC). The results showed that FMT was as effective as glucocorticoids in inducing remission in active mild to moderate UC, with fewer adverse events. Changes in certain cytokines in the serum might be related to the efficacy of FMT therapy in UC.