Article
Microbiology
Zun Ren, Jinlong Yu, Jiafei Du, Yubo Zhang, Musha Hamushan, Feng Jiang, Feiyang Zhang, Boyong Wang, Jin Tang, Hao Shen, Pei Han
Summary: This study investigated the transcriptional changes of Staphylococcus aureus upon exposure to antimicrobial agents and identified the upregulation of manganese import system genes and immune response gene sbi in all stages of S. aureus. Adaptive transcriptomic changes were observed in protein synthesis stability, adhesion, and biofilm formation during the logarithmic phase, while downregulation of genes related to amino biosynthesis, ATP synthesis, and DNA replication were observed in the stationary phase.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Laura Barrientos, Noemie Mercier, David Lalaouna, Isabelle Caldelari
Summary: The success of opportunistic human Staphylococcus aureus relies on the production of virulence factors through transcriptional factors, two-component systems, and small regulatory RNAs. High-throughput sequencing technologies have revealed hundreds of potential regulatory RNAs, with sRNAs playing a key role in bacterial physiology and virulence adaptability. These findings highlight the importance of sRNAs in understanding infection processes and raise questions about the interaction between key regulators and the pathways they control.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guillaume Menard, Chloe Silard, Marie Suriray, Astrid Rouillon, Yoann Augagneur
Summary: Staphylococcus aureus, a common livestock and human pathogen, adapts to diverse microenvironments within its host through coordinated gene expression. Regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) play a key role in this process by regulating target genes at the post-transcriptional level through base-pair interactions. These sRNAs have been found to participate in various biological processes of S. aureus, including virulence, metabolic adaptation, and antibiotic resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jinxin Zheng, Yongpeng Shang, Yang Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Junwen Chen, Zhanwen Wang, Xiang Sun, Guangjian Xu, Qiwen Deng, Di Qu, Zhijian Yu
Summary: This study found that diclazuril had antibacterial action against both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, inhibiting biofilm formation and hemolysis induced by the bacteria. The RNA levels of various genes related to biofilm formation and virulence were decreased after treatment with diclazuril, and mutations in target genes were detected in diclazuril nonsensitive clones of S. aureus.
ACS INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Fatma Al-Zahraa A. Yehia, Nehal Yousef, Momen Askoura
Summary: Celastrol is a novel anti-virulent agent against S. aureus, which reduces antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation by inhibiting STX biosynthesis, and increases the sensitivity of bacteria to environmental stresses and antimicrobial drugs.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Qi Peng, Lu Guo, Yu Dong, Tingrui Bao, Huiyuan Wang, Tao Xu, Ying Zhang, Jian Han
Summary: This study demonstrates the role of PurN in the formation of late exponential phase Staphylococcus aureus persisters and its regulation of virulence through GltB and the SaeRS two-component system.
Article
Microbiology
Yasmin Neves Vieira Sabino, Paul David Cotter, Hilario C. Mantovani
Summary: Bovine mastitis is a significant economic burden in the dairy industry, with Staphylococcus aureus being a prominent pathogen. Traditional antibiotic treatment has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches focusing on virulence factors. Anti-virulence therapies can reduce the development of resistance and minimize impacts on the host commensal microbiota.
MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Liana C. Chan, Mihyun Park, Hong K. Lee, Siyang Chaili, Yan Q. Xiong, Arnold S. Bayer, Richard A. Proctor, Michael R. Yeaman
Summary: Salicylic acid, a major metabolite of aspirin, regulates virulence factor expression in Staphylococcus aureus. A structural analogue of aspirin called diflunisal significantly inhibits key virulence phenotypes by modulating the expression of relevant regulons and target effector genes. This finding suggests that diflunisal could be used as a potential antivirulence strategy against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.
Article
Microbiology
Norhan H. Mahdally, Riham F. George, Mona T. Kashef, Medhat Al-Ghobashy, Fathia E. Murad, Ahmed S. Attia
Summary: The development of a compound named staquorsin as an Agr inhibitor for Staphylococcus aureus showed promising results in inhibiting virulence factors without affecting bacterial viability. In in vitro and in vivo testing, the compound effectively controlled the infection and demonstrated potential as a drug candidate against S. aureus.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mariana Andrade, Ketlyn Oliveira, Catarina Morais, Patricia Abrantes, Constanca Pomba, Adriana E. Rosato, Isabel Couto, Sofia Santos Costa
Summary: This study reveals the frequent biofilm production by antimicrobial-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci in companion animals, which is associated with a higher virulence potential and persistent or recurrent infections.
Article
Microbiology
Momen Askoura, Nehal Yousef, Basem Mansour, Fatma Al-Zahraa A. Yehia
Summary: Terbinafine could be used as an anti-virulent agent to combat S. aureus infections by inhibiting toxin production, reducing stress tolerance, and preventing biofilm formation.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND ANTIMICROBIALS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Amelia C. Stephens, Lance R. Thurlow, Anthony R. Richardson
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between the Agr quorum sensing system and metabolic regulators CcpA and CodY in Staphylococcus aureus, shedding light on their impact on virulence factor expression and providing evidence of indirect regulatory mechanisms.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Edyta Kaczorek-Lukowska, Joanna Malaczewska, Patrycja Sowinska, Marta Szymanska, Ewelina Agnieszka Wojcik, Andrzej Krzysztof Siwicki
Summary: Bovine mastitis is a common disease worldwide, and this study analyzed Staphylococcus aureus strains obtained from dairy cattle in Poland with subclinical mastitis. The study found a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes among the analyzed strains, as well as the dominance of biofilm over antibiotic resistance.
Article
Microbiology
Samantha Knott, Dylan Curry, Neil Zhao, Pallavi Metgud, Sana S. Dastgheyb, Caroline Purtill, Marc Harwood, Antonia F. Chen, Thomas P. Schaer, Michael Otto, Noreen J. Hickok
Summary: Researchers have identified proteinaceous bacterial aggregates in synovial fluid, formed by methicillin-resistant or methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogens, displaying characteristics of biofilms. They have determined key proteins involved and tested their impact on bacterial aggregation, antibiotic tolerance, and virulence factor expression. This study aims to better model bacterial behavior in physiological fluids and potentially guide the development of new antimicrobial therapies.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kannappan Arunachalam, Poonguzhali Pandurangan, Chunlei Shi, Ricardo Lagoa
Summary: Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen that causes various infections. It is important to understand its pathogenesis and develop new treatment strategies, especially against drug-resistant strains. Nanomaterials offer a potential solution to control S. aureus infections, including intracellular parasitism and multidrug resistance. This review focuses on the impact of S. aureus on human health, the role of virulence factors and biofilms, the applications of nanoparticles in controlling infections, and the prospects and limitations of nanomaterial-based therapies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nghi M. Nguyen, Neetha N. Vellichirammal, Chittibabu Guda, Gurudutt Pendyala
Summary: This study investigates the potential impact of long-term exposure to midazolam (MDZ), a common benzodiazepine used as a sedative in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), on synaptic function. The results suggest that both short-term and long-term exposure to MDZ can lead to learning disturbances and perturb neurobehavioral outcomes at later stages of life.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Katherine E. Odegaard, Gabriel Gallegos, Sneh Koul, Victoria L. Schaal, Neetha N. Vellichirammal, Chittibabu Guda, Andrea P. Dutoit, Steven J. Lisco, Sowmya Yelamanchili, Gurudutt Pendyala
Summary: This study aims to identify distinct synaptic vesicle (SV) proteins as signatures for offspring exposed to oxycodone (oxy) during and after pregnancy. The research found that MEGF8, associated with carpenter syndrome, was downregulated in the IUO offspring, while LAMTOR4, associated with the regulator complex involved in lysosomal signaling and trafficking, was upregulated in the PNO groups. These findings provide insights into the impact of oxy exposure on the SV proteome in exposed offspring and could potentially lead to the development of new therapeutic targets.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Ray Bahado-Singh, Perry Friedman, Ciara Talbot, Buket Aydas, Siddesh Southekal, Nitish K. Mishra, Chittibabu Guda, Ali Yilmaz, Uppala Radhakrishna, Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah
Summary: This study demonstrated the potential of using artificial intelligence and DNA methylation analysis of circulating cell-free DNA for the minimally invasive detection of fetal congenital heart defects.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Nagavardhini Avuthu, Chittibabu Guda
Summary: Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. This study identified microbial and metabolic biomarkers applicable to CRC using a meta-analysis of metagenomic datasets. The study also revealed microbe-metabolite associations and microbial gene families associated with dysregulated metabolic pathways in CRC.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Blake P. Bertrand, Cortney E. Heim, Sean C. West, Sujata S. Chaudhari, Hesham Ali, Vinai C. Thomas, Tammy Kielian
Summary: Biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus on medical devices are a significant healthcare burden, and a type of white blood cell, G-MDSCs, promote biofilm persistence by inhibiting the activity of other immune cells. This study found that S. aureus promotes biofilm formation and survival through formate metabolism.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Emilio Bueno, Victor Pinedo, Dhananjay D. Shinde, Andre Mateus, Athanasios Typas, Mikhail M. Savitski, Vinai C. Thomas, Felipe Cava
Summary: Even though resistance to arsenate has been extensively investigated in environmental bacteria, how enteric pathogens tolerate this toxic compound remains unknown. Here, we found that the cholera pathogen V. cholerae exhibits increased resistance to arsenate compared to closely related enteric pathogens.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anjali Bhat, Rafay Abu, Sankarasubramanian Jagadesan, Neetha Nanoth Vellichirammal, Ved Vasishtha Pendyala, Li Yu, Tara L. Rudebush, Chittibabu Guda, Irving H. Zucker, Vikas Kumar, Lie Gao
Summary: Exercise training improves skeletal muscle health through various adaptative pathways. Nrf2, an important antioxidant transcription factor, is crucial for the adaptative responses and beneficial effects of exercise on muscle. The study suggests that Nrf2 plays a critical role in the adaptive effects of skeletal muscle and its response to exercise training.
Article
Oncology
Siddesh Southekal, Sushil Kumar Shakyawar, Prachi Bajpai, Amr Elkholy, Upender Manne, Nitish Kumar Mishra, Chittibabu Guda
Summary: Osteosarcoma is a common bone malignancy in children and adolescents. This study aimed to understand the molecular subtypes of osteosarcoma and identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for effective treatments. DNA methylation, mRNA and miRNA gene expression in patients with osteosarcoma were analyzed, revealing highly mutated mucin family genes and enrichment of molecular pathways such as Wnt signaling and PI3K-Akt signaling. Survival analyses showed that certain genes and non-coding RNAs were associated with the survival of osteosarcoma patients. Molecular subtyping identified two distinct molecular subtypes with different gene expression profiles, providing a basis for better prognostic treatment strategies.
Article
Cell Biology
Nghi. M. M. Nguyen, Daniel Meyer, Luke Meyer, Subhash Chand, Sankarasubramanian Jagadesan, Maireen Miravite, Chittibabu Guda, Sowmya. V. V. Yelamanchili, Gurudutt Pendyala
Summary: Recently, concerns have been raised about the neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates exposed to long-term sedative agents in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of long-term midazolam (MDZ) exposure during early development. The researchers characterized the proteome of brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs) in a rodent model system that mimics MDZ exposure in the NICU. They found that long-term MDZ exposure could alter the protein cargo of BDEVs, potentially impacting neural functions and behavior in later stages of development.
Article
Cell Biology
Rosemary McDonald, Mark Larsen, Zhenghui Liu, Siddesh Southekal, James Eudy, Chittibabu Guda, T. Rajendra Kumar
Summary: The N-glycosylation of FSH is regulated by a group of enzymes encoded by multiple mRNAs. These enzymes are localized in gonadotropes and show dynamic changes with age. The decline in ovarian steroids may regulate the expression of these enzymes, explaining the age-related N-glycosylation shift observed in women's pituitaries.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sanjit Pandey, Nagavardhini Avuthu, Chittibabu Guda
Summary: The emergence of next-generation sequencing technology has greatly impacted microbiome research. In this study, a novel tool called StrainIQ was developed for strain-level identification and quantification based on a new n-gram algorithm. It showed high accuracy in predicting and quantifying strain-level taxa from metagenomic sequencing data, outperforming alternative approaches in strain-level prediction and abundance estimation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sankarasubramanian Jagadesan, Pinaki Mondal, Mark A. Carlson, Chittibabu Guda
Summary: The suitability of animal models for studying human diseases depends on similarities at the genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic levels. This study compares the genomic similarities of five mammalian models with human coding sequences to help researchers select suitable animal models for studying specific diseases.