Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiaoli Liao, Miao Chen, Yamin Li
Summary: The present study aimed to review evidence from postmortem brain and PET studies on the role of glia induced neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of ASD. The findings from postmortem studies showed increased microglial number and density, as well as increased GFAP protein and mRNA expression in ASD subjects. However, the outcomes of PET studies were inconsistent, with one reporting increased TSPO expression and two reporting decreased TSPO expression in ASD subjects.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sai Shi, Tianzhen Chen, Min Zhao
Summary: This article reviews the interaction between neurons and glial cells in METH-induced neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the brain dysfunction caused by METH abuse, and abnormal communication between neurons and glia can lead to adverse behavioral consequences.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Ruicheng Yang, Bo Yang, Wei Liu, Chen Tan, Huanchun Chen, Xiangru Wang
Summary: Neuroinflammation is implicated in various CNS disorders, and the activation of astrocytes and microglia plays a crucial role in defense mechanisms. However, their activation can trigger neuroinflammation, exacerbating or inducing CNS injury. Non-coding RNAs are highly expressed in astrocytes and microglia and may be mediators of neuroinflammation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Zsuzsanna Barad, Joana Augusto, Aine M. Kelly
Summary: Optimal performance of the central nervous system depends on communication between different cell types. Ageing is associated with CNS disequilibrium, but endurance exercise can have a positive impact on neuroimmune communications. Regular aerobic exercise provides an adaptive advantage against perturbations to homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Julia Sala-Jarque, Elisa Garcia-Lara, Paula Carreras-Dominguez, Chunfang Zhou, Neus Rabaneda-Lombarte, Carme Sola, Jose M. Vidal-Taboada, Adam Feiler, Ninnie Abrahamsson, Elena N. Kozlova, Josep Saura
Summary: This study analyzed the responses of two types of brain cells, astrocytes and microglia, to mesoporous silica particles (MSPs), and found that MSPs can be effectively internalized into microglial cells without affecting cell viability or morphology, but significantly increase extracellular levels of proinflammatory mediators when used in combination with lipopolysaccharide. These results suggest that MSPs could be a novel tool for specific drug delivery to microglial cells.
Review
Immunology
Yu Chen, Fu Peng, Ziwei Xing, Junren Chen, Cheng Peng, Dan Li
Summary: Neuroinflammation is an immune response in the central nervous system that is involved in various brain diseases. Flavonoids can alleviate neuroinflammation by inhibiting inflammatory mediators, promoting anti-inflammatory factors, and modulating glial cell polarization. They have therapeutic potential for brain disorders associated with neuroinflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Shofiul Azam, Md. Ezazul Haque, In-Su Kim, Dong-Kug Choi
Summary: Microglia are important brain macrophages involved in brain development, homeostasis, and repair. Dysregulation of their functions can lead to the development and exacerbation of neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Neurosciences
Shane M. O'Neil, Emma E. Hans, Starr Jiang, Lynde M. Wangler, Jonathan P. Godbout
Summary: The study found that aged mice's hippocampal microglia had an amplified and prolonged neuroinflammatory response to peripheral LPS challenge. Furthermore, astrocytes in the aged hippocampus showed immunosenescence, with deficits in IL-10R signaling and cholesterol biosynthesis.
Review
Cell Biology
Nadia D'Ambrosi, Martina Milani, Savina Apolloni
Summary: S100A4, a member of the S100 protein family, plays diverse roles in different cellular contexts; while it has been primarily associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis, it also plays a key role in promoting inflammation in various organs; in the nervous system, S100A4 contributes to neurogenesis, cellular motility, and inflammatory responses.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ying Chen, John Man Tak Chu, Raymond Chuen Chung Chang, Gordon Tin Chun Wong
Summary: The complement system plays a crucial role in the central nervous system beyond immunity, impacting neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases. Proper activation of the complement system is essential for maintaining normal brain function, but overactivation or dysregulation may lead to synaptic dysfunction and excessive pro-inflammatory responses. Targeting complement factors shows therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative conditions.
Review
Immunology
Deepali Singh
Summary: Neuroinflammation is caused by the misfiring of immune cells in the central nervous system and can have both positive and negative effects on neurodevelopment and post-injury tissue. Chronic or uncontrolled inflammatory responses may lead to neurodegenerative diseases, while abnormal activation of glial cells can mediate neuroinflammation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefania Della Vecchia, Maria Marchese, Filippo Maria Santorelli
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the role of glial cells in Lafora disease (LD). The findings suggest that glial cells accumulate polyglucosan bodies (PBs) in LD and contribute to neurodegeneration and epilepsy. Future research should consider glial cells as a potential therapeutic target.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Savina Apolloni, Martina Milani, Nadia D'Ambrosi
Summary: Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the frataxin gene, leading to progressive nervous system damage. In addition to neurons, alterations in glial cells and neuroinflammatory-related mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of FRDA.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Tarun Singhal, Eero Rissanen, John Ficke, Steven Cicero, Kelsey Carter, Howard L. Weiner
Summary: This study used PET imaging to detect widespread glial activation in the brain of a patient with primary progressive multiple sclerosis, while MRI scans showed only a few small white matter lesions.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angela Maria Casaril, Athanasios Katsalifis, Rolf M. Schmidt, Carlos Bas-Orth
Summary: Neuroinflammation is a common feature of various neurological disorders, and activated microglia and astrocytes release soluble mediators that negatively impact neuronal function and viability. Mitochondria, being among the first structures affected in neuroinflammatory diseases, are promising targets for neuroprotective interventions. This study demonstrates that neuronal bioenergetic failure is an early event in neuroinflammation, and identifies the mitochondrial calcium uniporter as a potential target for neuroprotection.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)