Journal
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 202, Issue 4, Pages 297-312Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00359-016-1079-y
Keywords
Vision; Rhodopsin; Phenotypic plasticity; Evolutionary adaptation; Compound eye; Polarization sensitivity
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Funding
- Academy of Finland [10]
- Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Grant of the President of the Russian Federation for leading scientific schools
- Societas Scientiarum Fennica
- Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth Foundation
- Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica
- Hame Student Foundation
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Absorbance spectra of single rhabdoms were studied by microspectrophotometry (MSP) and spectral sensitivities of whole eyes by electroretinography (ERG) in three glacial-relict species of opossum shrimps (Mysis). Among eight populations from Fennoscandian fresh-water lakes (L) and seven populations from the brackish-water Baltic Sea (S), L spectra were systematically red-shifted by 20-30 nm compared with S spectra, save for one L and one S population. The difference holds across species and bears no consistent adaptive relation to the current light environments. In the most extensively studied L-S pair, two populations of M. relicta (L (p) and S (p)) separated for less than 10,000 years, no differences translating into amino acid substitutions have been found in the opsin genes, and the chromophore of the visual pigments as analyzed by HPLC is pure A1. However, MSP experiments with spectrally selective bleaching show the presence of two rhodopsins (lambda (max) a parts per thousand 525-530 nm, MWS, and 565-570 nm, LWS) expressed in different proportions. ERG recordings of responses to red and blue light linearly polarized at orthogonal angles indicate segregation of the pigments into different cells differing in polarization sensitivity. We propose that the pattern of development of LWS and MWS photoreceptors is governed by an ontogenetic switch responsive to some environmental signal(s) other than light that generally differ(s) between lakes and sea, and that this reaction norm is conserved from a common ancestor of all three species.
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