Procedure to determine deformed shape of laminates made by unsymmetric layup sequences-Basis for 4D printing of composites

Un-symmetric laminates, such as those of layup sequence [0m/90n], do not remain flat after curing and cooling to room temperature. The laminate exhibits a curved configuration. While the curvature may be determined using laminate theory, or extended laminate theory, the use of the curvature to determine the deformed shape needs to follow a special procedure in order to obtain the correct result. For the first time, this paper presents this special procedure. In this procedure, the coordinate axes of adjacent material increment need to be updated. The pro-cedure to determine the final shape of un-symmetric laminates serves to enhance the development of composite structures made by using the method of 4D printing of composites.

Automated summary

This paper presents a special procedure for determining the final shape of un-symmetric laminates, which enhances the development of composite structures.