Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
E. Dartois, J. A. Noble, N. Ysard, K. Demyk, M. Chabot
Summary: This study explores the effect of grain growth on the spectroscopic profiles of ice mantle constituents, focusing particularly on carbon dioxide. The results show that the profile of carbon dioxide can serve as an indicator of grain growth, and observations have already shown signs of moderate grain growth. Future observations of protoplanetary disks with high inclination using the James Webb Space Telescope can provide constraints on the extent of dust growth.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
R. Kannan, M. Vogelsberger, F. Marinacci, L. Sales, P. Torrey, L. Hernquist
Summary: Stellar feedback-driven winds play a crucial role in the galactic ecosystem by regulating star formation and enriching the circumgalactic medium with metals and dust. The amount of ejected dust depends on the sites from where they are launched, with dustier galaxies launching more dust-enriched outflows. Cold and dense gas outflows are significantly more dust enriched compared to hot and tenuous material, providing new insights into the dynamics, structure, and composition of galactic winds.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Martin Glatzle, Luca Graziani, Benedetta Ciardi
Summary: The presence of charged dust grains has a significant impact on the physical evolution of the interstellar medium, but this process is still poorly explored in numerical simulations. A novel implementation of grain charging in a radiative transfer code is introduced in this study, and its effects on grain properties and charge distribution are evaluated. The findings open up possibilities for further studies on the physical evolution of the dusty ISM accessible through observations of galaxies at different redshifts.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. Klepitko, S. Walch, R. Wuensch, D. Seifried, F. Dinnbier, S. Haid
Summary: Radiation is an important factor in the energetics of the interstellar medium, and a novel method called TreeRay/RadPressure has been developed to solve the radiative transfer of diffuse sources. This method allows for the accurate computation of radiative intensities and momentum input by radiation pressure. The application of this method to model massive star formation has shown that radiation heating prevents fragmentation in the vicinity of the newborn star.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ryan McKinnon, Rahul Kannan, Mark Vogelsberger, Stephanie O. Neil, Paul Torrey, Hui Li
Summary: This study presents a model that directly treats dust using live simulation particles and solves the interaction between dust and radiation fields on an unstructured moving mesh. The hybrid scheme coupling dust and radiation has been validated using several test problems with known analytic solutions.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Peter Camps, Anand Utsav Kapoor, Ana Trcka, Andreea S. Font, Ian G. McCarthy, James Trayford, Maarten Baes
Summary: This study presents synthetic dust-aware observations of the ARTEMIS project's 45 Milky Way-mass simulated galaxies at redshift zero, calculated using the skirt radiative transfer code. The results are compared to observed galaxies in the DustPedia database and synthetic observations of the Auriga project's simulated galaxies. The post-processed ARTEMIS galaxies generally reproduce the observed scaling relations for global fluxes and physical properties, but underestimate dust extinction at FUV/UV wavelengths and have lower representative dust temperatures than observed. At a resolved scale, the ARTEMIS galaxies largely reproduce the observed morphological trends, although they appear to be more clumpy and less symmetrical than observed.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Anand Utsav Kapoor, Peter Camps, Maarten Baes, Ana Trcka, Robert J. J. Grand, Arjen van der Wel, Luca Cortese, Ilse De Looze, Daniela Barrientos
Summary: The study presents synthetic observational data for 30 galaxies of the Auriga project, considering dust attenuation and emission, and compares them with observational data. The results show good overall agreement but slightly higher specific dust mass in the Auriga galaxies. Additionally, multiwavelength morphological analysis reveals differences in size and concentration compared to observed galaxies, particularly in the mid- and far-infrared wavelengths.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Tamara Molyarova, Eduard I. Vorobyov, Vitaly Akimkin, Aleksandr Skliarevskii, Dmitri Wiebe, Manuel Guedel
Summary: The snowlines of volatile species in protoplanetary disks are influenced by changes in gas composition and dust physical properties, leading to complex distribution patterns. As the disk evolves, the snowlines shift closer to the star, with volatile molecules tending to accumulate near these snowlines, forming thick icy mantles potentially important for dust dynamics.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Fang Yi, Yuan Haibo, Zhang Ruoyi, Gao Jian, Xu Shuai
Summary: We calculated empirical reddening and extinction coefficients using the 'star pair' method, photometric data, and spectroscopic data. The coefficients for different colors and bands were found and they are consistent with the predictions of Fitzpatrick's extinction law. Temperature-dependent variations of coefficients were observed, especially for ultraviolet passbands. The new coefficients are recommended for dereddening the Swift-UVOT data in the future.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ian Blackstone, Todd A. Thompson
Summary: This study assesses the role of radiation pressure in thousands of subregions across two local star-forming galaxies. The optical thickness and population-averaged optical depth of radiation pressure are calculated using a model. The results show that optically-thin regions around young stellar populations are 30-50 times super-Eddington. The study evaluates the fraction of the total star formation that exceeds the Eddington limit and provides insights into the role of radiation pressure in the dynamics of dusty gas. Depending on the assumed height of the dusty gas and the age of the stellar population, 0-10% of sightlines are found to be super-Eddington, and these regions can be accelerated to 5-15 km/s by radiation pressure alone.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
L. Cacciapuoti, E. Macias, A. J. Maury, C. J. Chandler, N. Sakai, L. Tychoniec, S. Viti, A. Natta, M. De Simone, A. Miotello, C. Codella, C. Ceccarelli, L. Podio, D. Fedele, D. Johnstone, Y. Shirley, B. J. Liu, E. Bianchi, Z. E. Zhang, J. Pineda, L. Loinard, F. Menard, U. Lebreuilly, R. S. Klessen, P. Hennebelle, S. Molinari, L. Testi, S. Yamamoto
Summary: Recent studies have suggested early dust grain growth in protostellar envelopes infalling on young disks, potentially impacting initial conditions of planet formation. This study aims to determine the maximum grain size in the envelope of the class 0/I protostar L1527 IRS using observational data from multiple wavelength bands. The results indicate a variation of dust properties in the envelope, potentially indicating in situ grain growth or differential collapse from the parent core.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hans Baehr, Zhaohuan Zhu
Summary: Observations indicate that protoplanetary disks have moderate accretion rates and weak dust settling. Simulations show that gravitationally unstable disks can maintain moderate high accretion rates while keeping a relatively thin dust disk due to the strong self-gravity stress and gas gravity effects on dust.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
G. Yoffe, R. van Boekel, A. Li, L. B. F. M. Waters, K. Maaskant, R. Siebenmorgen, M. van den Ancker, D. J. M. Petit Dit de la Roche, B. Lopez, A. Matter, J. Varga, M. R. Hogerheijde, G. Weigelt, R. D. Oudmaijer, E. Pantin, M. R. Meyer, J. -C. Augereau, Th. Henning
Summary: Research finds that the emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comes from the upper layers of protoplanetary disks, higher than scattered light and similar to millimeter line emission. The intensity profiles of PAHs trace gas distribution and can constrain the penetration depth of UV radiation.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hans Baehr, Zhaohuan Zhu
Summary: The study found that the opening angles of spirals in self-gravitating disks are universal, approximately 10 degrees, and not significantly affected by simulation size, cooling time, or particle size. Large dust particles exhibit spirals, attributed to the gravitational force from gas to dust components.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Kazuki Y. Nishida, Tsutomu T. Takeuchi, Takuma Nagata, Ryosuke S. Asano
Summary: The spectral energy distribution (SED) of galaxies is significantly affected by dust in its interstellar medium, and the evolution of dust mass and size distribution should be considered in SED modeling. However, many previous SED models have not taken into account the evolution of total mass and size distribution in a physically consistent manner. In this study, a new radiative transfer SED model is constructed to treat the evolution of dust mass and size distribution in a consistent way, and can be used for SED fitting to galaxies at any stage of evolution.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Claudia Toci, Giuseppe Lodato, Francesco Gerardo Livio, Giovanni Rosotti, Leon Trapman
Summary: A robust knowledge of the observed disc radius using gas tracers such as (CO)-C-12 is pivotal to understand the mechanism responsible for accretion in protoplanetary discs. This letter presents an analytical solution for the evolution of disc radii in viscously evolving protoplanetary discs using (CO)-C-12 as a tracer, assuming that the (CO)-C-12 radius is the radius where the surface density of the disc is equal to the threshold for CO photodissociation. Our results suggest that freeze-out also plays an important role in setting the disc size, in addition to photodissociation.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
P. Nazari, B. Tabone, G. P. Rosotti
Summary: This study investigates the lack of methanol emission from some massive protostellar systems. It finds that the presence of a disk does not significantly affect the temperature structure and methanol emission from high-mass protostars. The methanol emission is lower for models with high millimeter opacity dust, but a large disk is needed for this effect to be effective. The low methanol emission in high-luminosity sources can be explained by the presence of HII regions without methanol.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Philipp Weber, Sebastian Perez, Greta Guidi, Nicolas T. Kurtovic, Alice Zurlo, Antonio Garufi, Paola Pinilla, Satoshi Mayama, Rob G. van Holstein, Cornelis P. Dullemond, Nicolas Cuello, David Principe, Lucas Cieza, Camilo Gonzalez-Ruilova, Julien Girard
Summary: Dense stellar environments increase the likelihood of gravitational encounters among stellar systems during early stages of evolution, potentially leading to stellar interaction through various scenarios. Near-infrared polarized light observations of interacting twin-disc systems reveal spirals and connecting filaments. The analysis of polarized intensity and comparison with other data allows for the characterization of geometry and content of these systems, aiding the differentiation between dynamical scenarios.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. F. Izquierdo, L. Testi, S. Facchini, G. P. Rosotti, E. F. van Dishoeck, L. Wolfer, T. Paneque-Carreno
Summary: The study aims to devise an automated and statistically robust technique to detect and quantify kinematical perturbations caused by planets in a gas disc, and accurately infer the location of the planets. The authors conducted hydrodynamical simulations and radiative transfer calculations to analyze the gas kinematics in discs and successfully detected the presence and location of embedded planets.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yapeng Zhang, Christian Ginski, Jane Huang, Alice Zurlo, Herve Beust, Jaehan Bae, Myriam Benisty, Antonio Garufi, Michiel R. R. Hogerheijde, Rob G. G. van Holstein, Matthew Kenworthy, Maud Langlois, Carlo F. F. Manara, Paola Pinilla, Christian Rab, Alvaro Ribas, Giovanni P. P. Rosotti, Jonathan Williams
Summary: In this study, we investigated and compared circumstellar disks in three stellar multiple systems using near-infrared scattered-light imaging. Our observations revealed that the presence of companion stars affects the morphology and evolution of the disks, potentially resulting in different planetary populations. The comparison of the three systems showed that the influence of stellar companions on disk structures decreases with increasing separation.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Eleonora Fiorellino, Lukasz Tychoniec, Fernando Cruz-Saenz de Miera, Simone Antoniucci, Agnes Kospal, Carlo F. Manara, Brunella Nisini, Giovanni Rosotti
Summary: This work aims to fill the gap in the poorly constrained information about the accretion luminosity and stellar parameters for the youngest sources. Using a self-consistent method, we calculated the accretion and stellar properties for 50 young stars for the first time. Our analysis focused on 39 confirmed protostars and found that their mass accretion rates range between 10(-8) and 10(-4) solar masses per year. We found systematically larger mass accretion rates for the Class I sample compared to Class II objects.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yinhao Wu, Yi-Xian Chen, Haochang Jiang, Ruobing Dong, Enrique Macias, Min-Kai Lin, Giovanni P. Rosotti, Vardan Elbakyan
Summary: A novel approach to distinguishing wind-driven and turbulence-driven accretion has been proposed by studying the gap and ring morphology of planet-forming discs in ALMA continuum. Results from hydrodynamical simulations show that gap-opening planets in wind-driven accreting discs generate characteristic dust substructures that differ from those in purely viscous discs. The classification of planet-induced features sets up a potential method to constrain the strength of magnetized disc wind and viscosity based on observed morphology.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
P. Curone, L. Testi, E. Macias, M. Tazzari, S. Facchini, J. P. Williams, C. J. Clarke, A. Natta, G. Rosotti, C. Toci, G. Lodato
Summary: Observations of protoplanetary disks require a multiwavelength approach to fully understand their physical mechanisms and planet formation. This study focuses on CX Tau, using observations and analysis from multiple telescopes and wavelengths. The results show consistent findings with theoretical predictions and peculiar behavior in the centimeter wavelength observations.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Anusha Kalyaan, Paola Pinilla, Sebastiaan Krijt, Andrea Banzatti, Giovanni Rosotti, Gijs D. Mulders, Michiel Lambrechts, Feng Long, Gregory J. Herczeg
Summary: Substructures in protoplanetary disks, such as gaps, can trap dust particles and affect the distribution of pebbles in the disk. These gaps can impact the delivery of pebbles, which is important for the formation of inner planets. They can also affect the distribution of volatiles, like water vapor, within the disk. In this study, we investigate the influence of gaps in the outer gas disk on water vapor enrichment in the inner disk using a disk evolution model. We find that the abundance of water vapor in the inner disk is strongly influenced by the fragmentation velocity and turbulence, which determine the intensity and duration of pebble delivery and enrichment in the disk.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Leon Trapman, Giovanni Rosotti, Ke Zhang, Benoit Tabone
Summary: The mechanism driving the evolution of protoplanetary disks is still uncertain, and the direct detection of turbulence or disk winds has been difficult. To differentiate between these mechanisms, the evolution of the disk size is studied. The relation between the observed gas disk size and the physical disk size is examined, and a correlation between gas column density and disk mass is found. The decrease in disk size in the older Upper Sco region may be due to significant external photoevaporation.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yoshihide Yamato, Yuri Aikawa, Nagayoshi Ohashi, John J. Tobin, Jes K. Jorgensen, Shigehisa Takakuwa, Yusuke Aso, Jinshi Sai (Insa Choi), Christian Flores, Itziar de Gregorio-Monsalvo, Shingo Hirano, Ilseung Han, Miyu Kido, Patrick M. Koch, Woojin Kwon, Shih-Ping Lai, Chang Won Lee, Jeong-Eun Lee, Zhi-Yun Li, Zhe-Yu Daniel Lin, Leslie W. Looney, Shoji Mori, Suchitra Narayanan, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Kazuya Saigo, Alejandro Santamaria-Miranda, Rajeeb Sharma, Travis J. Thieme, Kengo Tomida, Merel L. R. van 't Hoff, Hsi-Wei Yen
Summary: Constraining the physical and chemical structure of young embedded disks is crucial for understanding the earliest stages of planet formation. High-resolution observations reveal a ring-like structure and a possible gap-ring structure in the disk. These findings suggest the presence of a planet or companion with an inclined orbit or a gradual change in the angular momentum axis during gas infall.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nagayoshi Ohashi, John J. J. Tobin, Jes K. K. Jorgensen, Shigehisa Takakuwa, Patrick Sheehan, Yuri Aikawa, Zhi-Yun Li, Leslie W. W. Looney, Jonathan P. P. Williams, Yusuke Aso, Rajeeb Sharma, Jinshi Sai (Insa Choi), Yoshihide Yamato, Jeong-Eun Lee, Kengo Tomida, Hsi-Wei Yen, Frankie J. J. Encalada, Christian Flores, Sacha Gavino, Miyu Kido, Ilseung L. Han, Zhe-Yu Daniel Lin, Suchitra Narayanan, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Alejandro Santamaria-Miranda, Travis J. J. Thieme, Merel L. R. van 't Hoff, Itziar de Gregorio-Monsalvo, Patrick M. Koch, Woojin Kwon, Shih-Ping Lai, Chang Won Lee, Adele Plunkett, Kazuya Saigo, Shingo Hirano, Ka Ho Lam, Shoji Mori
Summary: We present an overview of the Large Program, Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk), conducted with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The program aims to search for substructures in disks around 12 Class 0 and 7 Class I protostars in nearby star-forming regions. The initial results show that the dust disks around the sample protostars have relatively few distinctive substructures, in contrast to Class II disks, which suggests that substructures quickly develop in disks when the systems evolve from protostars to Class II sources, or that high optical depth of the continuum emission could obscure internal structures.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Alice Somigliana, Leonardo Testi, Giovanni Rosotti, Claudia Toci, Giuseppe Lodato, Benoit Tabone, Carlo F. Manara, Marco Tazzari
Summary: As the classic viscous paradigm for protoplanetary disk accretion is challenged by observational evidence, the alternative scenario of MHD disk winds is being explored. This study presents a method to distinguish between viscous and MHD models based on the evolution of disk mass-accretion rate distribution in a disk population. Analytical calculations and numerical simulations show that the spread of this distribution decreases over time, with a less pronounced effect in MHD-dominated populations compared to viscous populations. The difference between the two models can be detected using current observational facilities.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dorottya Cserpan, Greta Guidi, Beatrice Alessandri, Tommaso Fedele, Andrea Ruegger, Francesco Pisani, Johannes Sarnthein, Georgia Ramantani
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the detection of scalp high-frequency oscillations (HFO) in neonates using an automated detector and whether HFO rates can differentiate neonates with seizures from healthy neonates. The study found that HFO rates were significantly higher in neonates with seizures and can be detected automatically. These findings are significant for neuromonitoring in neonates.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Andrea Banzatti, Klaus M. Pontoppidan, John S. Carr, Evan Jellison, Ilaria Pascucci, Joan R. Najita, Carlos E. Munoz-Romero, Karin I. Oeberg, Anusha Kalyaan, Paola Pinilla, Sebastiaan Krijt, Feng Long, Michiel Lambrechts, Giovanni Rosotti, Gregory J. Herczeg, Colette Salyk, Ke Zhang, Edwin A. Bergin, Nicholas P. Ballering, Michael R. Meyer, Simon Bruderer
Summary: Previous analyses have found an anticorrelation between water luminosity and the millimeter dust disk radius in young protoplanetary disks. New observations using JWST-MIRI spectra reveal that compact disks have higher water emission compared to large disks, suggesting an enhanced inward mass flux of icy pebbles in compact disks. This opens up exciting prospects for studying planet formation chemistry with JWST.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2023)