4.8 Article

Surface Transformation Enables a Dendrite-Free Zinc-Metal Anode in Nonaqueous Electrolyte

Journal

ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 34, Issue 34, Pages -

Publisher

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203710

Keywords

high Coulombic efficiency; nonaqueous electrolytes; surface transformation; Zn-metal anodes

Funding

  1. National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFA0206703]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China [51902304, U21A2082, 52072358]
  3. Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province [1908085ME122]
  4. Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Wk2060140026]
  5. Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale [KF2020106]

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This study successfully achieved a dendrite-free and hydrogen-free zinc-metal anode with high Coulombic efficiency in a newly designed nonaqueous electrolyte. The surface transformation on a copper substrate played a critical role in facilitating uniform and compact zinc plating. In addition, the plating and stripping mechanisms were elucidated, and the excellent performance of zinc||Mo6S8 full cells was demonstrated.
Significant challenges remain in developing rechargeable zinc batteries mainly because of reversibility problems on zinc-metal anodes. The dendritic growth and hydrogen evolution on zinc electrodes are major obstacles to overcome in developing practical and safe zinc batteries. Here, a dendrite-free and hydrogen-free Zn-metal anode with high Coulombic efficiency up to 99.6% over 300 cycles is realized in a newly designed nonaqueous electrolyte, which comprises an inexpensive zinc salt, zinc acetate, and a green low-cost solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide. Surface transformation on Cu substrate plays a critical role in facilitating the dendrite-free deposition process, which lowers the diffusion energy barrier of the Zn atoms, leading to a uniform and compact thin film for zinc plating. Furthermore, in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy reveals the plating process via a layer-by-layer growth mechanism and the stripping process through an edge-dissolution mechanism. In addition, Zn||Mo6S8 full cells exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in terms of cycling stability and rate capability. This work presents a new opportunity to develop nonaqueous rechargeable zinc batteries.

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