Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Volume 102, Issue 3, Pages 840-848Publisher
ENDOCRINE SOC
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3285
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Funding
- Wellcome Trust [099909, 092283]
- Newton Fund of the Royal Society [NI150069]
- Academy of Medical Sciences UK Newton Advanced Fellowship
- National Institutes of Health Research UK
- Academy of Medical Sciences (AMS) [NAF004\\1002] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G116/172] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [ACF-2013-09-001] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [G116/172] Funding Source: UKRI
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Context: Androgen excess is a defining feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the exact origin of hyperandrogenemia remains a matter of debate. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the 11-oxygenated C19 steroid pathway to androgen metabolism in humans. In this study, we analyzed the contribution of 11-oxygenated androgens to androgen excess in women with PCOS. Methods: One hundred fourteen women with PCOS and 49 healthy control subjects underwent measurement of serum androgens by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Twenty-four-hour urinary androgen excretion was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fasting plasma insulin and glucose were measured for homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Baseline demographic data, including body mass index, were recorded. Results: As expected, serum concentrations of the classic androgens testosterone (P, 0.001), androstenedione (P<0.001), and dehydroepiandrosterone (P< 0.01) were significantly increased in PCOS. Mirroring this, serum 11-oxygenated androgens 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione, 11-ketoandrostenedione, 11 beta-hydroxytestosterone, and 11-ketotestosterone were significantly higher in PCOS than in control subjects, as was the urinary 11-oxygenated androgen metabolite 11 beta-hydroxyandrosterone. The proportionate contribution of 11-oxygenated to total serum androgens was significantly higher in patients with PCOS compared with control subjects [53.0% (interquartile range, 48.7 to 60.3) vs 44.0% (interquartile range, 32.9 to 54.9); P, 0.0001]. Obese (n = 51) and nonobese (n = 63) patients with PCOS had significantly increased 11-oxygenated androgens. Serum 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione and 11-ketoandrostenedione correlated significantly with markers of insulin resistance. Conclusions: We show that 11-oxygenated androgens represent the majority of circulating androgens in women with PCOS, with close correlation to markers of metabolic risk.
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