Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ali Jafar, Andrea Lasso, Risa Shorr, Brian Hutton, Shaun Kilty
Summary: Loss of smell is a common symptom associated with COVID-19 infection, with most patients recovering their sense of smell within 30 days. Patients with severe initial olfactory loss have lower recovery rates. Additional trials on olfactory retraining and steroid therapy are ongoing.
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Winnie Xu, Gulshan Sunavala-Dossabhoy, Andrew I. Spielman
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant number of infections and deaths globally. The loss of smell and/or taste, which can persist even after recovery from the infection, is an unusual symptom associated with the virus. This paper reviews hypotheses on the causes of COVID-19-related chemosensory loss and explores potential therapeutic approaches.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nhu Ngoc Nguyen, Van Thuan Hoang, Thi Loi Dao, Line Meddeb, Sebastien Cortaredona, Jean-Christophe Lagier, Matthieu Million, Didier Raoult, Philippe Gautret
Summary: Smell and taste disorders are common among COVID-19 patients at the onset of symptoms and can persist for more than 6 months. Factors such as younger age, female gender, chronic respiratory diseases, and the use of ACE inhibitors are associated with the persistence of these symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Anna Menegaldo, Cristoforo Fabbris, Giacomo Spinato, Daniele Borsetto, Luigi Angelo Vaira, Leonardo Calvanese, Andrea Pettorelli, Massimo Sonego, Daniele Frezza, Andy Bertolin, Walter Cestaro, Roberto Rigoli, Andrea D'Alessandro, Giancarlo Tirelli, Maria Cristina Da Mosto, Anna Menini, Jerry Polesel, Claire Hopkins
Summary: This study found that as the time since virus infection increases, olfactory dysfunction becomes more common among patients, with a high percentage showing persistent dysfunction despite most patients subjectively reporting normal smell.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Anna Menegaldo, Cristoforo Fabbris, Giacomo Spinato, Daniele Borsetto, Luigi Angelo Vaira, Leonardo Calvanese, Andrea Pettorelli, Massimo Sonego, Daniele Frezza, Andy Bertolin, Walter Cestaro, Roberto Rigoli, Andrea D'Alessandro, Giancarlo Tirelli, Maria Cristina Da Mosto, Anna Menini, Jerry Polesel, Claire Hopkins
Summary: This study prospectively assessed the 6-month prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in subjects with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Despite most patients reporting a subjectively normal sense of smell, a high percentage of persistent smell dysfunction was observed at 6 months, highlighting a significant long-term rate of smell alteration in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Thirza Singer-Cornelius, Julian Cornelius, Michael Oberle, Frank U. Metternich, Steffi Johanna Brockmeier
Summary: The study found that only 25.6% of patients with GD and OD showed objective taste dysfunction, while 39.1% showed objective olfactory dysfunction. Most patients with taste dysfunction had a deficit in sour and salty taste, while some patients with olfactory dysfunction showed deficits related to age.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Laura Ziuzia-Januszewska, Marcin Januszewski
Summary: This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathogenesis of smell impairment in COVID-19 and suggests potential avenues for future research. Multiple theories have been proposed, including sensorineural damage, infection of olfactory epithelium support cells, and disruption of olfactory pathways. However, the exact mechanisms are still not fully elucidated and require further investigation.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Marco Mazzoli, Maria Angela Molinari, Manuela Tondelli, Giada Giovannini, Riccardo Ricceri, Ludovico Ciolli, Livio Picchetto, Stefano Meletti
Summary: Olfactory and taste disorders are common in COVID-19 patients. This study found that objective assessment of olfactory function was significantly correlated with viral recovery, while subjective olfactory disorders were not. Olfactory testing can predict viral clearance in COVID-19 patients.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Michael S. Xydakis, Mark W. Albers, Eric H. Holbrook, Dina M. Lyon, Robert Y. Shih, Johannes A. Frasnelli, Axel Pagenstecher, Alexandra Kupke, Lynn W. Enquist, Stanley Perlman
Summary: COVID-19 is often associated with olfactory dysfunction, providing a research opportunity to study the natural course of this neurological finding. However, limited by sample sizes and lack of advanced neuroimaging data, there is still a substantial gap in knowledge regarding the mechanisms of olfactory impairment. Persistent olfactory deficits post-SARS-CoV-2 infection could potentially be a marker for increased long-term risk of neurological disease.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Turki Aldrees, Sharif Almatrafi, Mohammad Mokhatrish, Turki Aldriweesh
Summary: The study showed that the Saudi population has a good understanding of common COVID-19 symptoms, with over 90% of participants recognizing them. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding smell and taste dysfunction, with over 80% unaware of the link to COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rafal Butowt, Christopher S. von Bartheld
Summary: The prevalence of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19 differs between populations, possibly due to differences in virus strains or host proteins. Recent progress has been made in defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms of virus-induced anosmia, focusing on the role of sustentacular cells in the olfactory epithelium. The potential for using smell and taste dysfunctions as early diagnostic tools in COVID-19 is discussed.
Article
Microbiology
Luigi Angelo Vaira, Jerome R. Lechien, Mohamad Khalife, Marzia Petrocelli, Stephane Hans, Lea Distinguin, Giovanni Salzano, Marco Cucurullo, Piero Doneddu, Francesco Antonio Salzano, Federico Biglioli, Fabrice Journe, Andrea Fausto Piana, Giacomo De Riu, Sven Saussez
Summary: Objective evaluation of olfactory function in COVID-19 patients is challenging due to logistical and safety issues. Psychophysical tests provide more accurate results than patient self-reports. Olfactory disturbances appear to be largely independent of epidemiological and clinical characteristics.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Giancarlo Tirelli, Pierluigi Meloni, Claire Hopkins, Giordano Madeddu, Andrea De Vito, Nicoletta Gardenal, Romina Valentinotti, Margherita Tofanelli, Daniele Borsetto, Jerome R. Lechien, Jerry Polesel, Giacomo De Riu, Luigi Angelo Vaira
Summary: The prevalence and severity of COVID-19-associated smell and taste dysfunction has significantly decreased with the advent of the Omicron variant but it still remains above 30%.
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Fabio Ferreli, Francesca Gaino, Elena Russo, Matteo Di Bari, Vanessa Rossi, Armando De Virgilio, Luca Malvezzi, Giovanni Colombo, Giovanni Cristalli, Giuseppe Spriano, Giuseppe Mercante
Summary: The study aimed to describe the recovery of gustatory dysfunction (GD) and olfactory dysfunction (OD) in COVID-19 patients. More than 80% of patients reported complete recovery of taste and smell functions within 3 months after symptom onset. At the 18-month follow-up, the percentages of patients reporting complete recovery of gustatory and olfactory functions were 93% and 87%, respectively. The severity of chemosensory dysfunction at onset was negatively correlated with recovery, while improvement within the first 7 days from symptom onset was significantly associated with early resolution.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Margaret B. Mitchell, Alan D. Workman, Vinay K. Rathi, Neil Bhattacharyya
Summary: The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on olfactory and gustatory function in US adults. Demographic and survey-specific module data were extracted from the 2021 Adult National Health Interview Survey to determine the overall rate of COVID-19 infection and analyze the associated disturbances and recoveries of smell and taste. The results showed that the majority of adults infected with COVID-19 experienced olfactory or gustatory dysfunction, and a significant association was found between the severity of overall COVID-19 symptoms and the disturbance and recovery of smell and taste.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sevan Omer Majed, Suhad Asad Mustafa, Paywast Jamal Jalal, Mohammed Hassan Fatah, Monika Miasko, Zanko Jawhar, Abdulkarim Yasin Karim
Summary: This study aimed to analyze different strains from different cities of the Kurdistan region of Iraq to show the risk of infection and the impact of the various mutations on immune responses and vaccination. The genomes of 175 samples were sequenced and analyzed, revealing that they belonged to the BA.1 lineage and included most variations related to transmissibility, high infectivity, and immune escape. These unique mutations should be further investigated. Overall, Omicron variants were more contagious but had a low mortality rate, with most cases being asymptomatic. Future research should focus on developing next-generation COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron variants.
Review
Immunology
Manish Dhawan, Ali A. Rabaan, Mahmoud M. Al Fawarah, Souad A. Almuthree, Roua A. Alsubki, Amal H. Alfaraj, Mutaib M. Mashraqi, Saleh A. Alshamrani, Wesam A. Abduljabbar, Ameen S. S. Alwashmi, Fatimah Al Ibrahim, Abdulmonem A. Alsaleh, Faryal Khamis, Jameela Alsalman, Manish Sharma, Talha Bin Emran
Summary: The emergence of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 and their ability to evade the immune response makes it essential to understand the mechanisms of interaction between the virus and the human immune system. This understanding is crucial for the development of effective vaccines against COVID-19. T cells play a critical role in reducing viral load and containing the infection, but their hyperactivation and reduced numbers are associated with severe disease. The involvement of T cells in determining the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the strategies to enhance T cell-mediated immune responses are still not fully understood.
Review
Microbiology
Ali A. Rabaan, Muhammed A. Bakhrebah, Ranjan K. Mohapatra, Ramadan Abdelmoez Farahat, Manish Dhawan, Sara Alwarthan, Mohammed Aljeldah, Basim R. Al Shammari, Amal H. Al-Najjar, Mona A. Alhusayyen, Ghadeer H. Al-Absi, Yahya Aldawood, Abdulmonem A. Alsaleh, Saleh A. Alshamrani, Souad A. Almuthree, Abdulsalam Alawfi, Amer Alshengeti, Ameen S. S. Alwashmi, Khalid Hajissa, Majed S. Nassar
Summary: Developing potential medications and vaccines to combat leishmaniasis, a challenging zoonotic disease, is crucial. The emergence of omics-based tools has accelerated target discovery and drug development. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the multi-omics approach in drug development against leishmaniasis.
Letter
Surgery
Hitesh Chopra, Om Prakash Priyanka, Om Prakash B. Choudhary, Talha Emran
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Letter
Surgery
Maryam Shafaati, Khosro Sadeghniiat, Priyanka, Arezu Najafia, Milad Zandi, Samaneh Akbarpour, Om Prakash Choudhary
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Letter
Surgery
Ravinder Singh, Manjinder Singh, Varinder Singh, Pratima Kumari, Hitesh Chopra, Om Prakash Priyanka, Om Prakash B. Choudhary, Talha Emran
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Priyanka, Hitesh Chopra, Om Prakash Choudhary
TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Maryam Shafaati, Milad Zandi, Priyanka, Om Prakash Choudhary
TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Islam B. Mohamed, Mohamed Saleh Ismail, Ahmed El Sabagh, Ahmed M. Afifi Abdelwahab, Efstathia Polychronopoulou, Yong-Fang Kuo, Manal Hassan, John A. Goss, Fasiha Kanwal, Prasun K. Jalal
Summary: This study aimed to assess the radiological-histopathological discordance in HCC patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) and its impact on post-LT outcomes. The study found that patients with discordance between pre-LT imaging and histopathology had a higher risk of HCC recurrence and mortality after LT. Therefore, enhanced surveillance and aggressive treatment are needed to reduce post-LT recurrence and improve survival.
Review
Immunology
Manish Dhawan, Ali A. A. Rabaan, Sara Alwarthan, Mashael Alhajri, Muhammad A. A. Halwani, Amer Alshengeti, Mustafa A. A. Najim, Ameen S. S. Alwashmi, Ahmad A. A. Alshehri, Saleh A. A. Alshamrani, Bashayer M. M. AlShehail, Mohammed Garout, Saleh Al-Abdulhadi, Shamsah H. H. Al-Ahmed, Nanamika Thakur, Geetika Verma
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused worldwide havoc due to the novel coronavirus (CoV) named SARS-CoV-2, resulting in immune system disruption, inflammation, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). T cells, specifically regulatory T cells (Tregs), play a crucial role in the prognosis of COVID-19 disease. Recent studies have shown a decrease in Tregs in COVID-19 patients, which can have implications such as increased inflammation, imbalance in Treg/Th17 ratio, and higher risk of respiratory failure. Understanding the immunosuppressive mechanisms of Tregs and their potential therapeutic roles is vital for managing COVID-19 patients. Rating: 8/10
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Iktefa Abdul Hamid Mohammed Saeed, Abdulrahman Aeed Salih, Saman Muhsin Abdulkareem
Summary: The study investigated the effect of exercise on cortisol hormone level and physiological variables in male athletes. Twenty young male basketball players had their cortisol, vitamin C, glutathione, and malondialdehyde levels measured before and after exercise. The results showed a decrease in cortisol and glutathione levels, but an increase in vitamin C and malondialdehyde levels after exercise. This suggests that exercise reduces stress and increases oxidative stress, leading to increased lipid peroxidation. Monitoring these biomarkers can help identify athletes with severe oxidative stress and determine the appropriate intervention for improving their performance and health.
BANGLADESH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Maryam Shafaati, Hitesh Chopra, Priyanka, Rekha Khandia, Om Prakash Choudhary, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
NEW MICROBES AND NEW INFECTIONS
(2023)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Om Prakash Choudhary, Priyanka
TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ali A. Rabaan, Maha Fahad Alenazy, Ahmad A. Alshehri, Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshahrani, Maha F. Al-Subaie, Hayam A. Alrasheed, Nawal A. Al Kaabi, Nanamika Thakur, Nabiha A. Bouafia, Mohammed Alissa, Abdulrahman M. Alsulaiman, Abeer M. AlBaadani, Hatem M. Alhani, Ali H. Alhaddad, Wadha A. Alfouzan, Batool Mohammed Abu Ali, Khadija H. Al-Abdulali, Faryal Khamis, Ali Bayahya, Mona A. Al Fares, Manish Sharma, Manish Dhawan
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is highly similar to SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, sharing 79% and 50% of their genetic identity, respectively. It uses the same receptor as SARS-CoV-1, but has key residues in its S-protein receptor-binding domain that give it a stronger affinity and ability to evade the host immune system. COVID-19 patients experience cytokine storms similar to those seen in SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, leading to severe symptoms and increased mortality. Global research efforts and lessons from previous coronaviruses provide hope for combating the virus. The emergence of new variants and other viral diseases raises serious concerns and further investigation is needed.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Doaa Gewily, Walaa Shalaby, Mohamed Abumandour, Om Prakash Choudhary, Ramadan Kandyel
Summary: This study compares the morphological features of the pecten oculi in diurnal common kestrels and nocturnal little owls. The results show minor variations between the two birds in terms of pleat number, shape, pigmentations, and hyalocyte cell aggregations.
MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
(2023)