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Effects of stretching intensity on range of motion and muscle stiffness: A narrative review

JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES (2022)

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JOURNAL OF BODYWORK AND MOVEMENT THERAPIES
Volume 32, Issue -, Pages 68-76

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ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.04.011

Keywords

Static stretching; Stretching intensity; Range of motion; Stretch tolerance; Passive stiffness

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Rehabilitation

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  1. JSPS KAKENHI [19K19890]

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This review investigated the acute and chronic effects of different stretching intensities, including constant-angle and constant-torque stretching. The results suggest that higher stretching intensity, particularly constant-torque stretching, is more effective for changes in range of motion (ROM) and passive stiffness in the acute phase, but the chronic effect is weak.
Background: No review has yet investigated acute and chronic effects of different stretching intensities, including constant-angle (CA) and constant-torque (CT) stretching. Objective: This review aimed to investigate the acute and chronic effects of different stretching in-tensities on the range of motion (ROM) and passive properties. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used for literature search. Advanced search func-tions were used to identify original studies using the terms stretching intensity, constant-torque stretching, constant-angle stretching, ROM, passive stiffness, shear elastic modulus in the title or ab-stract. The keywords were combined using the Boolean operators AND and OR. The search for articles published from inception until 2021 was done in electronic databases. Results and conclusion: Five studies compared CA and CT stretching. Three studies reported a greater decrease in passive stiffness, and two studies reported a greater ROM increase after CT than CA stretching. Twelve studies investigated the acute effects of different stretching intensities, and six re-ported a greater ROM increase at higher stretching intensities. Five studies reported a greater decrease in passive stiffness at higher stretching intensities, but three reported no significant differences in passive stiffness among stretching intensities. Five studies investigated the chronic effect, and four reported no significant difference in ROM change among different intensities. Three studies reported no significant changes in passive stiffness after the stretching program. We suggest that the acute effect of higher stretching intensity, including CT stretching, was more effective for changes in ROM and passive stiffness, but the chronic effect was weak. (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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