Seven ferroptosis-specific expressed genes are considered as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by incomplete reversible airway obstruction, with high mortality and disability rates, and smoking is the primary risk factor for COPD. Studies performed to date have confirmed that iron and ferroptosis play crucial roles in the development of cigarette smoke-induced COPD, but the exact mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Methods: The microarray datasets GSE10006, GSE11784, and GSE20257 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between COPD smokers and non-smokers airway epithelial. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and hub gene networks were constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. At the same time, the 3 datasets were screened for ferroptosis-related genes that were co-differentially expressed. The ferroptosis-related hub genes (FRHGs) that overlapped with the ferroptosis-related genes and hub genes were then identified. Next, the mRNA-miRNA network was constructed, and Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis for target genes were performed. Finally, GSE19407, GSE994, and GSE27973 were used to evaluate the expression of hub genes. Results: We identified 7 potential FRHGs (NQO1, AKR1C3, AKR1C1, GPX2, TXNRD1, SRXN1, SLC7A11), which showed good diagnostic properties. The molecular functions (MFs) of FRHGs mainly influence biological processes (BPs) responding to oxidative stress. Nrf2 pathways may be the key pathways regulating ferroptosis in cigarette smoke-induced COPD. Meanwhile, co-expressed mRNAs and miRNAs were selected to construct mRNA-miRNA interaction networks. Furthermore, based on the 7 FRHGs mentioned above, we found that benzoic acid showed high drug targeting relevance. Conclusions: This work identified 7 FRHGs as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of COPD and provided insights into the mechanisms of disease development in cigarette smoke-induced COPD at the transcriptome level.

Automated summary

This study identified 7 potential ferroptosis-related hub genes (FRHGs) as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of COPD. The study also revealed key pathways involving ferroptosis in cigarette smoke-induced COPD development and constructed an mRNA-miRNA network to explore their interactions. Therefore, this research is of great importance in gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying COPD development.