Journal
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
Volume 78, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103625
Keywords
Distributed reinforcement learning; Soft Actor-Critic strategy; Building energy optimization; Comprehensive evaluation
Categories
Funding
- China Scholarship Council 'Intelligent transportation system technology innovation talent international cooperation training project' [202006567018]
- National key research and development program of China [2021YFB1600200]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [300102328106]
- Key Project of National Internet of Things Integrated Innovation and Integration [2018-470]
- One Belt One Road Intergovernmental Innovation Cooperation Project Ministry of Science and Technology [DL20200027004]
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This paper proposes an energy optimization strategy based on Distributed Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to reduce energy consumption in regional buildings. The strategy utilizes parameter sharing and coordination optimization to regulate procedures and achieve energy efficiency. The effectiveness and superiority of the strategies are validated through a case analysis of nine campus buildings.
Model-free control approaches, such as Reinforcement Learning (RL), can be trained using historical data and therefore have the advantage of low cost and scalability. However, RL does not provide efficient, coordinated control for regional buildings, which leads to inter-building energy coupling, and thus resulting in higher energy consumption. This paper presents energy optimization strategies based on Distributed Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to reduce energy consumption in regional buildings while maintaining human comfort. The proposed strategy's system learns to regulate procedures to reduce building energy consumption through parameter sharing and coordination optimization. The energy optimization strategies are validated in this research by utilizing nine campus buildings as a case analysis. The results show that the system achieves the lowest total energy consumption with the employed strategies against the Rule-Based Control (RBC), Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) strategy, Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). Furthermore, the proposed energy optimization strategies demonstrated good accuracy and robustness with a comprehensive evaluation of multi-building energy consumption in error analysis, load factor, power demand, and net power consumption.
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