Article
Immunology
Alessandra Pierangeli, Massimo Gentile, Giuseppe Oliveto, Federica Frasca, Leonardo Sorrentino, Luigi Matera, Raffaella Nenna, Agnese Viscido, Matteo Fracella, Laura Petrarca, Gabriella D'Ettorre, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Fabio Midulla, Guido Antonelli, Carolina Scagnolari
Summary: Children generally develop milder symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to older adults. Recent research shows that children have a pre-activated innate immune response, which leads to a more effective anti-viral response upon infection. In this study, the expression levels of type I and III interferons (IFNs) were analyzed in different age groups of SARS-CoV-2 infected and non-infected individuals. The results suggest that age-related differences exist in the IFN response, with children having higher basal transcription levels of IFNs and adults showing overexpression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). The findings contribute to our understanding of the protective IFN response against SARS-CoV-2 based on age.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mostafa M. Eltobgy, Ashley Zani, Adam D. Kenney, Shady Estfanous, Eunsoo Kim, Asmaa Badr, Cierra Carafice, Kylene Daily, Owen Whitham, Maciej Pietrzak, Amy Webb, Jeffrey Kawahara, Adrian C. Eddy, Parker Denz, Mijia Lu, K. C. Mahesh, Mark E. Peeples, Jianrong Li, Jian Zhu, Jianwen Que, Richard Robinson, Oscar Rosas Mejia, Rachael E. Rayner, Luanne Hall-Stoodley, Stephanie Seveau, Mikhail A. Gavrilin, Xiaoli Zhang, Jeronay Thomas, Jacob E. Kohlmeier, Mehul S. Suthar, Eugene Oltz, Andrea Tedeschi, Frank H. Robledo-Avila, Santiago Partida-Sanchez, Emily A. Hemann, Eman Abdelrazik, Adriana Forero, Shahid M. Nimjee, Prosper N. Boyaka, Estelle Cormet-Boyaka, Jacob S. Yount, Amal O. Amer
Summary: This study found that CASP4/11 is up-regulated in SARS-CoV-2 infections, and CASP4 expression correlates with the severity of infection. Mice lacking CASP11 showed less weight loss and lung pathology compared to wild-type mice, suggesting a protective effect. Additionally, mice lacking CASP1 showed reduced levels of inflammatory mediators and neutrophil functions. These findings indicate that CASP4/11 could be a promising drug target for the treatment and prevention of severe COVID-19.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Michael A. Davis, Kathleen Voss, J. Bryan Turnbull, Andrew T. Gustin, Megan Knoll, Antonio Muruato, Tien-Ying Hsiang, Kenneth H. Dinnon, Sarah R. Leist, Katie Nickel, Ralph S. Baric, Warren Ladiges, Shreeram Akilesh, Kelly D. Smith, Michael Gale
Summary: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery in mice and found that it closely resembles the acute human disease. Disease severity and infection kinetics were influenced by age and sex, with older mice and males exhibiting higher mortality rates and slower viral clearance. The pathological features observed in mice, including virus positivity in bronchial epithelial cells and lung damage, parallel those seen in humans. Our findings suggest that C57BL/6 mice can serve as a useful model for studying SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging coronaviruses.
Article
Immunology
Patricia Urban, Paola Italiani, Diana Boraschi, Sabrina Gioria
Summary: The study investigates the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the human immune system, finding that monocytes pre-exposed to the N protein exhibit a milder response to subsequent viral or bacterial challenges, potentially leading to a mild response to new infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sonia Jangra, Jana De Vrieze, Angela Choi, Raveen Rathnasinghe, Gabriel Laghlali, Annemiek Uvyn, Simon Van Herck, Lutz Nuhn, Kim Deswarte, Zifu Zhong, Niek N. Sanders, Stefan Lienenklaus, Sunil A. David, Shirin Strohmeier, Fatima Amanat, Florian Krammer, Hamida Hammad, Bart N. Lambrecht, Lynda Coughlan, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Bruno G. De Geest, Michael Schotsaert
Summary: IMDQ-PEG-CHOL is an amphiphilic TLR7/8 adjuvant that can enhance immune response, reduce systemic inflammation, and translocate to lymph nodes. When added to vaccines, it induces high levels of antibodies in mice that effectively neutralize viral infections in vitro and in vivo.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Patricia Lamadrid, Marta Alonso-Pena, David San Segundo, Mayte Arias-Loste, Javier Crespo, Marcos Lopez-Hoyos
Summary: This study focuses on the association between COVID-19 and MAFLD, highlighting that patients with metabolic syndrome are more susceptible to severe COVID-19. The role of the immune system in both diseases is discussed, providing potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for further research.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Sumnima Singh, Patricia Bastos-Amador, Jessica Ann Thompson, Mauro Truglio, Bahtiyar Yilmaz, Silvia Cardoso, Daniel Sobral, Miguel P. Soares
Summary: This study shows that deletion of the Ggta1 gene can shape the composition of gut microbiota via an Ig-dependent mechanism, where antibodies play a role in reducing microbiota pathogenicity. This suggests that loss of GGTA1 function in ancestral primates might have been influenced by microbiota interactions.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Harry Sokol, Vanessa Contreras, Pauline Maisonnasse, Aurore Desmons, Benoit Delache, Valentin Sencio, Arnaud Machelart, Angela Brisebarre, Lydie Humbert, Lucie Deryuter, Emilie Gauliard, Severine Heumel, Dominique Rainteau, Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet, Elisabeth Menu, Raphael Ho Tsong Fang, Antonin Lamaziere, Loic Brot, Celine Wahl, Cyriane Oeuvray, Nathalie Rolhion, Sylvie van der Werf, Stephanie Ferreira, Roger Le Grand, Francois Trottein
Summary: This study utilized a macaque model to investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the gut microbiota, revealing significant changes in the composition and activity of the gut microbiota post-infection. Some alterations in the microbiota persisted even after the infection was resolved.
Review
Immunology
Ellen McKenna, Richard Wubben, Johana M. Isaza-Correa, Ashanty M. Melo, Aisling Ui Mhaonaigh, Niall Conlon, James S. O'Donnell, Cliona Ni Cheallaigh, Tim Hurley, Nigel J. Stevenson, Mark A. Little, Eleanor J. Molloy
Summary: This article discusses the immunological characteristics of severe COVID-19 patients, the antiviral and pathological roles of neutrophils in SARS-CoV-2 infection, the contribution of neutrophils to complications of COVID-19, and potential therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses in COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Yaru Wu, Min Zhang, Cui Yuan, Zhenling Ma, Wenqing Li, Yanyan Zhang, Lijuan Su, Jun Xu, Wei Liu
Summary: This review discusses the role of cGAS-STING signaling in SARS-CoV-2 infection and summarizes the potential therapeutics of STING agonists as virus vaccine adjuvants.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sebastian J. Theobald, Alexander Simonis, Theodoros Georgomanolis, Christoph Kreer, Matthias Zehner, Hannah S. Eisfeld, Marie-Christine Albert, Jason Chhen, Susanne Motameny, Florian Erger, Julia Fischer, Jakob J. Malin, Jessica Graeb, Sandra Winter, Andromachi Pouikli, Friederike David, Boris Boell, Philipp Koehler, Kanika Vanshylla, Henning Gruell, Isabelle Suarez, Michael Hallek, Gerd Faetkenheuer, Norma Jung, Oliver A. Cornely, Clara Lehmann, Peter Tessarz, Janine Altmueller, Peter Nuernberg, Hamid Kashkar, Florian Klein, Manuel Koch, Jan Rybniker
Summary: Our study reveals that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces inflammasome formation and IL-1 beta release in macrophages from COVID-19 patients, but not in healthy individuals. Furthermore, macrophages isolated from convalescent COVID-19 patients show robust S-protein-driven inflammasome activation, indicating innate immune memory after recovery.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Mengling Yang, Yang Yang, Qingnan He, Ping Zhu, Mengqi Liu, Jiahao Xu, Mingyi Zhao
Summary: The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in antiviral immunity, with different components potentially promoting or inhibiting viral invasion through immune response modulation and interaction with viruses. Current therapeutic strategies for regulating intestinal microbiota balance, such as oral probiotics, FMT, and antibiotics, have shown limited efficacy in clinical trials, indicating a need for further research into more efficient and safer methods of modulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Nicholas Hanan, Ronnie L. Doud, In-Woo Park, Harlan P. Jones, Stephen O. Mathew
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 can lead to dysregulated innate immune responses, with elevated Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratios (NLR), increased interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels contributing to severe COVID-19 outcomes. Various factors such as pre-existing co-morbidities, genetic risks, and therapeutic efficacy also play important roles in modifying the risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Immunology
Yang Liu, Jian Rao, Yingjie Mi, Lan Chen, Lijuan Feng, Qi Li, Jianing Geng, Xianguang Yang, Xiangjiang Zhan, Lili Ren, Jinfeng Chen, Xiaoming Zhang
Summary: The role of RNA interference (RNAi) in mammalian resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been studied. It has been found that host microRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated upon infection, with downregulation of antiviral microRNAs and upregulation of microRNAs promoting viral proliferation. Moreover, virus-derived small RNAs (vsRNAs) show specific characteristics in IFN-deficient cells, indicating the deployment of RNAi pathway in combating the infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Su He, Hongwei Gou, Yulin Zhou, Chunxiu Wu, Xinxin Ren, Xiajunpeng Wu, Guanwen Guan, Boxing Jin, Jinhua Huang, Zhigang Jin, Tiejun Zhao
Summary: Viruses use various strategies to suppress the host's innate immune response for viral replication and pathogenesis. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein can inhibit the innate immune response and facilitate viral replication by inducing atypical foci.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Natalia Nunez, Aurelie Derre-Bobillot, Nicolas Trainel, Goran Lakisic, Alexandre Lecomte, Francoise Mercier-Nome, Anne-Marie Cassard, Helene Bierne, Pascale Serror, Cristel Archambaud
Summary: This study reveals the ability of Enterococcus faecalis to survive and proliferate in hepatocytes and exhibit similar behaviors in kidney cells. This finding is of great significance for understanding pathobiont-driven diseases.
Article
Biology
Marie Alexandre, Romain Marlin, Melanie Prague, Severin Coleon, Nidhal Kahlaoui, Sylvain Cardinaud, Thibaut Naninck, Benoit Delache, Mathieu Surenaud, Mathilde Galhaut, Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet, Mariangela Cavarelli, Pauline Maisonnasse, Mireille Centlivre, Christine Lacabaratz, Aurelie Wiedemann, Sandra Zurawski, Gerard Zurawski, Olivier Schwartz, Rogier W. Sanders, Roger Le Grand, Yves Levy, Rodolphe Thiebaut
Summary: The definition of correlates of protection is crucial for the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. A model-based approach using mathematical modeling of viral dynamics and data mining of immunological markers identified and quantified two main mechanisms: a decrease in cell infection rate and an increase in clearance of infected cells. Inhibition of RBD binding to ACE2 is a robust mechanistic correlate of protection across different vaccine platforms.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Romain Marlin, Delphine Desjardins, Vanessa Contreras, Guillaume Lingas, Caroline Solas, Pierre Roques, Thibaut Naninck, Quentin Pascal, Sylvie Behillil, Pauline Maisonnasse, Julien Lemaitre, Nidhal Kahlaoui, Benoit Delache, Andres Pizzorno, Antoine Nougairede, Camille Ludot, Olivier Terrier, Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet, Francis Relouzat, Catherine Chapon, Raphael Ho Tsong Fang, Sylvie van der Werf, Manuel Rosa Calatrava, Denis Malvy, Xavier de Lamballerie, Jeremie Guedj, Roger Le Grand
Summary: Repurposed antiviral drugs are valuable resources for outbreak defense, but rigorous evaluation in large animal models is crucial for successful clinical implementation. This study evaluates the antiviral activity of favipiravir against Zika virus and SARS-CoV-2 in cynomolgus macaques, highlighting its potential for clinical investigations against Zika virus but advising against its use for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Laura Cook, John Zaunders, Nabila Seddiki, David van Bockel, Anthony D. Kelleher, C. Mee Ling Munier
Summary: The study aims to extend the utility of activation induced marker (AIM) assays for tracking and quantifying pre-activation defined cell populations within T-cell memory responses. By labeling cells with different fluorescent dyes and performing AIM assays, the specific cell populations within antigen stimulated responses can be tracked.
IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jose A. Villegas, Jerome Van Wassenhove, Judith Merrheim, Karen Matta, Samy Hamadache, Clemence Flaugere, Pauline Pothin, Frederique Truffault, Sebastien Hascoet, Nicola Santelmo, Marco Alifano, Sonia Berrih-Aknin, Rozen le Panse, Nadine Dragin
Summary: Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness. The inflammatory IL-23/Th17 pathway in the thymus, blood and muscle plays a role in the disease's progression. This study investigated the potential therapeutic effects of targeting IL-23 in two preclinical MG models and found that it improved clinical symptoms and reduced inflammation and antibody production.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Derseree Archary, Francoise Barre-Sinoussi, Kristina Broliden, Cecilia Cabrera, Francesca Chiodi, Sarah J. Fidler, Tanuja N. Gengiah, Carolina Herrera, Ayesha B. M. Kharsany, Lenine J. P. Liebenberg, Sharana Mahomed, Elisabeth Menu, Christiane Moog, Gabriella Scarlatti, Nabila Seddiki, Aida Sivro, Mariangela Cavarelli
Summary: Preventing new HIV infections remains a global challenge, and young women bear a disproportionate burden of infection. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) offers a novel women-initiated prevention technology, and previous trials underscore the importance of including women early on in the evaluation of new HIV PrEP technologies. Data from completed trials highlight the impact of gender-specific physiological and social factors on PrEP uptake, adherence, and efficacy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
E. I. M. M. Reiss, M. M. van Haaren, J. van Schooten, M. A. F. Claireaux, P. Maisonnasse, A. Antanasijevic, J. D. Allen, I Bontjer, J. L. Torres, W-H Lee, G. Ozorowski, N. Vazquez Bernat, M. Kaduk, Y. Aldon, J. A. Burger, H. Chawla, A. Aartse, M. Tolazzi, H. Gao, P. Mundsperger, M. Crispin, D. C. Montefiori, G. B. Karlsson Hedestam, G. Scarlatti, A. B. Ward, R. Le Grand, R. Shattock, N. Dereuddre-Bosquet, R. W. Sanders, M. J. van Gils
Summary: This study isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from cynomolgus macaques immunized with the HIV-1 Env trimers ConM SOSIP.v7 and ConSOSL.UFO.664. The mAbs showed neutralizing activity against the ConM and/or ConS virus, with a focus on the V1, V2, and V3 regions of the immunogens. In addition, non-neutralizing antibodies targeting the trimer base were also produced. These findings contribute to the development of consensus-based HIV-1 Env immunogens for vaccine strategies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wen Juan Tu, Michelle Melino, Jenny Dunn, Robert D. McCuaig, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Sofiya Tsimbalyuk, Jade K. Forwood, Taniya Ahuja, John Vandermeide, Xiao Tan, Minh Tran, Quan Nguyen, Liang Zhang, Andy Nam, Liuliu Pan, Yan Liang, Corey Smith, Katie Lineburg, Tam H. H. Nguyen, Julian D. J. Sng, Zhen Wei Marcus Tong, Keng Yih Chew, Kirsty R. R. Short, Roger Le Grand, Nabila Seddiki, Sudha Rao
Summary: In vitro, ACE2 can induce SARS-CoV-2 replication by translocating to the nucleus. However, a peptide inhibitor called NACE2i can inhibit viral replication, reduce inflammation and macrophage infiltration, and increase NK cell infiltration in lung tissues from infected Syrian hamsters. NACE2i treatment also leads to ACE2 methylation, decreased viral reservoir, and enhanced immune protection against SARS-CoV-2.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Aurelien Marc, Romain Marlin, Flora Donati, Melanie Prague, Marion Kerioui, Cecile Herate, Marie Alexandre, Nathalie Dereuddre-bosquet, Julie Bertrand, Vanessa Contreras, Sylvie Behillil, Pauline Maisonnasse, Sylvie van der Werf, Roger Le Grand, Jeremie Guedj
Summary: By analyzing data from 78 non-human primates infected by different Variants of Concern (VoC), the researchers found that Omicron and Delta variants were associated with a longer and larger excretion of infectious particles, attributed to their enhanced capability to escape the immune response. While the Delta variant had a higher peak viral load, the Omicron variant did not show a similar effect. This suggests that the increased transmissibility of the Omicron variant is not due to higher viral load levels, but rather its ability to maintain high levels of infectious particles over time. These results highlight the importance of quantifying viral load and infectiousness to better understand the differences observed in the transmission patterns of VoCs.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Gregory M. Martin, Rebecca A. Russell, Philip Mundsperger, Scarlett Harris, Lu Jovanoska, Luiza Farache Trajano, Torben Schiffner, Katalin Fabian, Monica Tolazzi, Gabriella Scarlatti, Leon McFarlane, Hannah Cheeseman, Yoann Aldon, Edith E. Schermer, Marielle Breemen, Kwinten Sliepen, Dietmar Katinger, Renate Kunert, Rogier W. Sanders, Robin Shattock, Andrew B. Ward, Quentin J. Sattentau
Summary: Chemical cross-linking is used to stabilize protein structures and inactivate pathogens and toxins in vaccines, but its potential to distort protein structure has limited its use. This is particularly important for proteins that require a high degree of structural conservation to induce specific biological outcomes. In this study, the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer was cross-linked using the reagent EDC, resulting in improved trimer stability without significant structural distortion. The cross-linking process selectively modified the antigenicity and immunogenicity of the trimers, making it a promising approach for protein-based vaccine design.
Article
Cell Biology
Matthieu Van Tilbeurgh, Pauline Maisonnasse, Jean-Louis Palgen, Monica Tolazzi, Yoann Aldon, Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet, Mariangela Cavarelli, Anne-Sophie Beignon, Ernesto Marcos-Lopez, Anne-Sophie Gallouet, Emmanuel Gilson, Gabriel Ozorowski, Andrew B. Ward, Ilja Bontjer, Paul F. McKay, Robin J. Shattock, Gabriella Scarlatti, Rogier W. Sanders, Roger Le Grand
Summary: To decrease late-stage failure in vaccine development, innovative prediction methods are needed. By studying combinations of early innate responses and immune signatures, vaccine immunogenicity for HIV can be predicted.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)