Oxygen-Independent Sulfate Radical for Stimuli-Responsive Tumor Nanotherapy

Variant modalities are quested and merged into the tumor nanotherapy by leveraging the excitation from external or intratumoral incentives. However, the ubiquitous hypoxia and the insufficient content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor microenvironments inevitably hinder the effective production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To radically extricate from the shackles, peroxymonosulfate (PMS: HSO5-)-loaded hollow mesoporous copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared as the distinct ROS donors for sulfate radical (center dot SO4-)-mediated and stimuli-responsive tumor nanotherapy in an oxygen-independent manner. In this therapeutic modality, the second near-infrared laser irradiation, together with the released copper ions as well as the heat produced by CuS after illumination, work together to activate PMS thus triply ensuring the copious production of center dot SO4-. Different from conventional ROS, the emergence of center dot SO4-, possessing a longer half-life and more rapid reaction, is independent of the oxygen (O-2) and H2O2 content within the tumor. In addition, this engineered nanosystem also exerts the function of photoacoustic imaging and skin restoration on the corresponding animal models. This study reveals the enormous potential of sulfate radical in oncotherapy and broadens pave for exploring the application of multifunctional and stimuli-responsive nanosystems in biomedicine.

Automated summary

This study explores and applies different modalities for tumor nanotherapy by leveraging external or intratumoral incentives. By utilizing PMS-loaded CuS nanoparticles as ROS donors, abundant sulfate radical (SO4-) is produced in an oxygen-independent manner, overcoming the limitations of hypoxia and insufficient hydrogen peroxide content. The engineered nanosystem also possesses the functions of photoacoustic imaging and skin restoration.