4.6 Review

Semiconductor Nanocrystals Emitting in the Second Near-Infrared Window: Optical Properties and Application in Biomedical Imaging

Journal

ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
Volume 10, Issue 14, Pages -

Publisher

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adom.202200226

Keywords

biomedical imaging; emission; heavy metal free; second near-infrared window; semiconductor nanocrystals

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [22177115, 81671755, 81720108024]
  2. Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS [2018042]
  3. National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFA0208800]
  4. State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications [SKLA-2019-01, 7005460, 7005647]
  5. City University of Hong Kong

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Semiconductor nanocrystals emitting in the NIR-II window are promising fluorophores for biomedical applications due to their high brightness, adjustable emission wavelength, and stability. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis of NIR-II emitting semiconductor nanocrystals and highlights efforts to improve their emission intensity and photostability. It also provides examples of their applications in biomedical imaging, therapy, and surgery.
Development of fluorophores with emission in the so-called second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) represents an active area of the contemporary research. Among the available NIR-II fluorophores, semiconductor nanocrystals are attractive owing to their high brightness, broad excitation profile, easily adjustable emission wavelength, and superior stability. At the same time, for the biomedical applications, biocompatibility of semiconductor nanocrystals is yet another important requirement. The recent advances in the synthesis of NIR-II emitting semiconductor nanocrystals based on I-VI, III-V, and I-III-VI compound semiconductors are reviewed, placing special emphasis on the efforts to enhance their NIR-II emission intensity and photostability. Representative examples of their applications for biomedical imaging, therapy and surgery are provided. This review is concluded by offering perspectives on how to further improve the performance of these attractive class of NIR-II fluorophores.

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