Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Milena Tomic, Milena Setka, Lukas Vojkuvka, Stella Vallejos
Summary: This review summarizes recent research efforts and developments in nanomaterials for sensing volatile organic compounds, focusing on key materials such as metal oxides, conductive polymers, and carbon-based materials. It delves into the characteristics and tuning of these materials to enhance functionality in VOCs sensing. Additionally, the need for exploring new hybrid material combinations and incorporating other transducing principles for mixed output concepts is identified.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Maria Kaloumenou, Evangelos Skotadis, Nefeli Lagopati, Efstathios Efstathopoulos, Dimitris Tsoukalas
Summary: Early-stage disease diagnosis is vital for effective treatment. Non-invasive diagnostic tools, such as breath analysis, have gained significant research interest. This review provides an overview of sensor categories and highlights the role of nanomaterials in detecting exhaled gas-analytes. Furthermore, it discusses the applicability of breath analysis in differential diagnosis, phenotyping, and disease staging.
Article
Biophysics
Sara Gaggiotti, Annalisa Scroccarello, Flavio Della Pelle, Giovanni Ferraro, Michele Del Carlo, Marcello Mascini, Angelo Cichelli, Dario Compagnone
Summary: Rapid detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a hot topic, and this study utilizes functionalized Group VI transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) dispersed in water to modify quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) for VOCs determination. The sensors show fast and quantifiable responses to VOCs, with quick signal recovery, good repeatability, reproducibility, and stability.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Dian Kesumapramudya Nurputra, Ahmad Kusumaatmadja, Mohamad Saifudin Hakim, Shidiq Nur Hidayat, Trisna Julian, Budi Sumanto, Yodi Mahendradhata, Antonia Morita Iswari Saktiawati, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto, Kuwat Triyana
Summary: The RT-qPCR method is widely used for detecting SARS-CoV-2, but clinicians prefer to diagnose COVID-19 by combining clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, imaging, and multivariable clinical prediction models. Researchers report the development of a low cost, noninvasive method using a portable electronic nose (GeNose C19) to rapidly screen for COVID-19.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zhenzhen Xie, James D. Morris, Stephanie J. Mattingly, Saurin R. Sutaria, Jiapeng Huang, Michael H. Nantz, Xiao-An Fu
Summary: Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath has great potential for disease detection, but the analysis of metabolic VOCs is still challenging. This study presents a method combining ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry for analyzing carbonyl metabolites in breath. A silicon microreactor was used to capture carbonyl compounds in exhaled breath, and six subgroups of carbonyl compounds were identified. This method may provide a quantitative approach for identifying disease markers in exhaled breath.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Kavita M. Jeerage, Jennifer L. Berry, Jacolin A. Murray, Cassie A. Goodman, Paulina K. Piotrowski, Christina M. Jones, Christina E. Cecelski, Jennifer Carney, Katrice A. Lippa, Tara M. Lovestead
Summary: Exhaled breath is an informative and non-invasive matrix for diagnosing or monitoring diseases, although there are few established breath tests in practice. This review discusses the importance of gas standards in supporting breath analysis and highlights the need for multicomponent gas standards with specific concentrations. It also explores the relevance of existing atmospheric gas standards and ongoing research to develop breath-relevant gas standards.
JOURNAL OF BREATH RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yutong Han, Yuan Ding, Wenyu Zhang, Haozhe Zhuang, Zifeng Wang, Zhanhong Li, Zhigang Zhu
Summary: Transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have shown great potential in gas sensors due to their surface properties. In this study, SnS2 nanoflakes were integrated with Ti3C2Tx skeleton platforms for VOC detection. The SnS2/Ti3C2Tx sensor exhibited fast response/recovery times, excellent selectivity, and reliable long-term stability, making it a promising option for VOC detection at room temperature.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2023)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Amalia Z. Berna, Audrey R. Odom John
Summary: Breath analysis shows potential as a diagnostic method for infectious diseases by detecting volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath. It is noninvasive, safe, and easy to perform. However, challenges such as poor standardization of breath collection and analysis, as well as a lack of validation studies, need to be addressed.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Eline Janssens, Eline Schillebeeckx, Kathleen Zwijsen, Jo Raskin, Joris Van Cleemput, Veerle F. Surmont, Kristiaan Nackaerts, Elly Marcq, Jan P. van Meerbeeck, Kevin Lamote
Summary: This study investigated the potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and performed external validation of a VOC-based prediction model for MPM. The initial validation showed poor performance, but subsequent updates improved the model's performance, demonstrating potential for screening.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Wee Chong Tan, Kah-Wee Ang
Summary: This article discusses the increasing interest in 2D inorganic materials (2DMs) and the advancements in sensors for measuring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air. It explores commercially available sensors, such as amperometric and conductometric types, as well as the latest developments in VOC sensors using 2DMs and their nanocomposites. The performance and challenges of these VOC sensors are summarized in graphical form.
ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elina M. Gashimova, Azamat Z. Temerdashev, Dmitry V. Perunov, Vladimir A. Porkhanov, Igor S. Polyakov, Ekaterina V. Dmitrieva
Summary: Lung cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, and early diagnosis is difficult. In this study, the variability of exhaled breath samples among patients with lung cancer and other types of cancer was investigated. Two classification models were created to separate lung cancer patients from patients with cancer in other locations and to classify different types of cancer. The models showed moderate sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing lung cancer from other types of cancer, but poor accuracy in classifying different types of cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tien Le, Ronny Priefer
Summary: Despite new approaches in cancer treatment and diagnosis, overall mortality remains a major concern. New technologies, such as SPME/GC-MS, SIFT-MS, PRT-MS, IMS, and Colorimetric Sensors, have been introduced to analyze breath VOCs for possible cancer diagnoses. This article highlights the importance of these new technologies in detecting and quantifying VOCs.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Akhilesh Kumar Pathak, Charusluk Viphavakit
Summary: This study discusses a sensor for detecting isopropanol in exhaled breath, which is a biomarker for diabetes. The design of the sensor is based on wavelength modulation technique, utilizing a porous TiO2 layer as sensing material for high sensitivity detection.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Nicolo Landini, Cesare Malagu, Vincenzo Guidi
Summary: The pandemic has highlighted the importance of early screening and precise monitoring of individual health status to prevent serious outbreaks and protect public health. Nanostructured chemoresistive sensors have proven to be reliable tools for detecting a wide range of volatile organic compounds, making them valuable for medical screening, including oncological pathologies.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Y. Lan Pham, Jonathan Beauchamp
Summary: The detection of chemical compounds in exhaled breath presents an opportunity to determine physiological state, diagnose disease or assess environmental exposure. Despite some challenges, exhaled breath is desirable for metabolomics applications due to its non-invasiveness, convenience, and practical availability. Tests targeting endogenous or exogenous gas-phase compounds in breath are currently established for practical and clinical use.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kehao Feng, Zhenghua Zhang, Guohua Bai, Xiuyuan Fan, Rongzhi Zhao, Xuefeng Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes a new method to accurately evaluate the high-frequency power loss of soft magnetic materials. Through a two-step calibration, the system is able to compensate for the phase angle discrepancy between the exciting current and induced voltage, enabling a higher power loss measurement frequency.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mingfang Kang, Tong Liu, Hongmei Sun, Lin Li, Keliang Wang
Summary: In this study, the absorption performance of ambient nitrogenous toxic gases on a monolayer of blue phosphorus phase germanium selenide (GeSe) was investigated using density-functional theory calculations. The results showed that GeSe monolayer exhibits higher sensitivity and selectivity for the hazardous gas NO.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yaqiong Niu, Zhicheng Zou, Longsheng Cheng, Chaofeng Ye
Summary: This paper proposes a novel method to stabilize the laser diode output using a close-loop control with two feedbacks. The proposed method performs better for long-time operations.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jiajie Li, Ying Liu, Zhen Chai, Qian Cao, Renjie Li, Yueyang Zhai
Summary: This study proposed an efficient and high-quality beam-splitting method based on a diffractive optical element, enabling multichannel SERF atomic magnetometers to achieve ultra-high consistency and sensitivity. It has significant applications in array biomagnetic measurement systems.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
E. Oliveira, C. Doering, H. Fouckhardt
Summary: With the development of Lab on a chip technology, fluid management using dispersed droplets has become an important approach. Electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) is one method for droplet actuation, but it requires prior definition of droplet positions. Optoelectrowetting (OEW) goes further by allowing changes in electrical parameters through impinging light spots, without the need for predefined droplet positions. This study re-evaluates the key parameters of OEW and explores their effects on droplet actuation using numerical optimization methods.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Haipeng Wang, Zhiguo Wang, Gancheng Zhu, Shuai Zhang
Summary: A novel capacitive proximity skin was developed to improve the performance of robotics in handling liquid-filled containers. This skin features a flexible structure that can adapt to different grippers and seamlessly integrate with Robot Operating System. Experimental results demonstrated that this proximity skin achieved data-lossless detection and contactless measurement of liquid level, making it suitable for grasping operations.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Tsenguun Byambadorj, Xiangyu Zhao, Yutao Qin, Yogesh B. Gianchandani
Summary: In this research, a monolithically microfabricated Knudsen pump (KP) without suspended membranes was presented. These pumps offer improved mechanical robustness, wider process window, and simplified microfabrication process compared to previous designs. The experimental results matched the modeling results well, indicating the potential for monolithic integration onto complex lab-on-a-chip systems.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hamed Karami, Saeed Karami Chemeh, Vahid Azizi, Hooman Sharifnasab, Jose Ramos, Mohammed Kamruzzaman
Summary: Aroma is a significant quality trait for pharmaceutical plants and their products, indicating the quality of the raw material. An electronic nose is an efficient approach for identifying and evaluating the aroma of essential oils. In this study, tarragon was dried at different temperatures and air velocities, and the purity of tarragon essential oil was evaluated using an electronic nose. Multivariate data analysis and artificial neural networks modeling were employed to quantify and classify the obtained essential oils.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xiaoyang Duan, Dan Xu, Wenjun Jia, Ran Li, Bohao Sun, Ruitian Yan, Wenjie Zhao
Summary: Flower-like WO3/WS2 heterojunction materials constructed via a low-temperature in-situ oxidation method exhibit significant improvements in the detection of NO2 gas in gas sensors, along with good selectivity and reproducibility.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Peng Yu, Mengyang Zhang, Manqi You, Yuxi Gao, Landong Xiao, Yan Peng, Jingxia Lai, Zhouzhao Shi, Siwei Luo, Gencai Guo, Gang Guo
Summary: Recent studies have shown that two-dimensional Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have great potential for applications in gas sensors. By conducting first principles calculations, this study explores the potential application of Pd-doped monolayer HfSeS as gas sensor materials for detecting CO, CO2, NH3, and NO. The results demonstrate the good thermodynamical stability and reversible adsorption of these molecules on both pristine and Pd-doped HfSeS, with Pd-doped HfSeS showing higher sensitivity towards NO due to its metallic behavior upon NO adsorption.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jinlan Yang, Linjiao Li, Jun Huang, Quan Zhang, Hiba Affane
Summary: This study proposes a method for large-scale aggregation of micro-particles by creating a vortex region using low-frequency oscillation. Experimental results show that this method can achieve a large aggregation area and has the advantages of low cost and low power consumption.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jitendra Singh, Saurabh Kumar Gupta, Vinita
Summary: In this investigation, a Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) formalin gas sensor was explored for low-level formalin gas sensing applications. The sensor showed stable response and high sensitivity to formalin gas concentration, making it a reliable and useful sensor for room temperature operations.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Junyao Wang, Yahao Liu, Huan Liu, Qi Hou, Jianxin Xu, Hongxu Pan, Jingran Quan, Yansong Chen, Hanbo Yang, Lixiang Li
Summary: A flexible electrode with a serpentine-shaped tetra-chiral structure was designed to improve the mechanical properties and prevent mechanical fracture of flexible electrodes. The research demonstrated that this structure reduced the maximum tensile stress by 87.19% compared to the existing tetra-chiral structure. The flexible electrode remained conductive even at a strain of 70% and showed resistance values of 5 ohm and 4.4 ohm at a bending angle of 180 degrees and after 1000 fold cycles. Furthermore, the flexible electrodes showed great potential in biological signal monitoring, particularly in collecting ECG and pulse signals.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Taihao Chen, Yong Fang, Mengru Zhu, Zhiwei Zhao, Wei Lei, Zhuoya Zhu, Helong Jiang
Summary: Flexible dual-spectral carbon nanodots/flexible n-silicon heterojunction photodetectors with high responsivity and detectivity are reported. These detectors show photo response in UV illumination and only in forward bias under visible illumination. The photocurrent of the device remains high even under bending strain.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
M. S. Sikandar Bathusha, Israr Ud Din, Rehan Umer, Kamran A. Khan
Summary: Graphene-based nanomaterials are used as embedded sensors to monitor fracture behavior in composite structures. This study investigates the in-situ crack propagation and fracture behavior in a glass fiber reinforced polymer composite using embedded reduced graphene oxide coated fabrics and highly conductive graphene nanoplatelet paper.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2024)