Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarah Hubner, Julie Blaskewicz Boron, Karsten Koehler
Summary: This systematic review examined the impact of exercise on appetite in older adults, finding that exercise and physical activity may modulate resting hunger and satiety in this population. Decreases in fasting leptin and glucose hormones suggest that exercise promotes satiety sensitivity in adults aged 60+. The findings suggest that engaging in exercise programs may provide a meaningful avenue for improving chronic and functional disease burden in later life by promoting appetite control and balanced energy intake.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas M. Barber, Georgios Valsamakis, George Mastorakos, Petra Hanson, Ioannis Kyrou, Harpal S. Randeva, Martin O. Weickert
Summary: Our gut microbiota have co-evolved with us over a long period of time, playing a crucial role in our overall health and influencing various bodily processes. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a dominant communication pathway with far-reaching implications for our well-being. Dietary composition, particularly in modern Western diets, can directly impact the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis and potential health issues.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thea Toft Hansen, Arne Astrup, Anders Sjodin
Summary: The systematic review found that increasing protein intake can have a moderate beneficial effect on body weight management. Additionally, individuals with prediabetes or without obesity risk alleles were found to benefit more from a high-protein diet.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jamie van Son, Laura L. Koekkoek, Susanne E. La Fleur, Mireille J. Serlie, Max Nieuwdorp
Summary: Obesity, a global epidemic, is associated with microbial dysbiosis. Research indicates that the gut microbiota and its metabolites have an impact on human brain and behavior. Future treatment strategies for obesity may target the gut microbiota.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Zhen Gao, Mengjie Cui, Jing Zhang, Laixi Ji
Summary: This review summarizes the neuroimaging studies on acupuncture at Hegu in healthy volunteers, revealing diverse findings. The study suggests that the organismal status of the study subjects may have an important impact on the effect of acupoints.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Caitlin V. Hall, Graham Radford-Smith, Emma Savage, Conor Robinson, Luca Cocchi, Rosalyn J. Moran
Summary: This study investigated the changes in brain dynamics in patients with Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) using electroencephalography (EEG). The results showed alterations in the temporal properties of brain states in CD and UC, and a CD-specific enhancement of connectivity in regions related to cognitive-interoceptive appraisal mechanisms. These findings suggest that the long-standing diagnosis of CD plays a key role in determining altered brain network signatures.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hayley A. Young, Chantelle M. Gaylor, Danielle de-Kerckhove, David Benton
Summary: Research shows that individuals with disordered eating and/or obesity have difficulty in sensing or interpreting what is happening in the body, related to interoception. A new paradigm successfully identified individuals driven by sensations, highlighting characteristics of attenuated prior precision and increased prediction error in those with alexithymia.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Takako Ichiki, Tongtong Wang, Ann Kennedy, Allan-Hermann Pool, Haruka Ebisu, David J. Anderson, Yuki Oka
Summary: This study reveals that gastrointestinal sensory neurons detect visceral hypoosmolality and transmit hormonal signals to regulate thirst circuit activity through the hepatic portal area (HPA) pathway.
Review
Psychology, Developmental
Samuele Cortese, Yuta Y. Aoki, Takashi Itahashi, F. Xavier Castellanos, Simon B. Eickhoff
Summary: A meta-analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) studies in children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD found no significant spatial convergence in the differences in brain connectivity strength in ADHD patients. This lack of convergence may be due to heterogeneity in participants, experimental procedures, analytical flexibility, and ADHD pathophysiology.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shouren Li, Mengqi Liu, Shixi Cao, Boshuai Liu, Defeng Li, Zhichang Wang, Hao Sun, Yalei Cui, Yinghua Shi
Summary: With the increasing prevalence of energy metabolism disorders, the regulation of feeding has become a global focus. The gastrointestinal tract not only performs digestion and absorption but also contains various appetite-regulating signals. The central nervous system plays a crucial role in receiving and integrating these signals, thus regulating feeding behavior.
Article
Neurosciences
Andy Wai Kan Yeung
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis on the impact of medications targeting food craving through neuropharmacology on the brain's processing of food cues. The findings indicated that the right claustrum and insula were the main sites where cerebral processing of food cues was altered by these medications. These neural correlates may help explain the physiological effects of food consumption with anti-appetite and anti-obesity medications.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Marito Hayashi, Judith A. Kaye, Ella R. Douglas, Narendra R. Joshi, Fiona M. Gribble, Frank Reimann, Stephen D. Liberles
Summary: Enteroendocrine cells, which are found in the gut and play a role in the gut-brain axis, produce multiple gut hormones with potentially opposing effects. In this study, the researchers developed a method to selectively study enteroendocrine cells in mice using genetic techniques. They were able to target specific enteroendocrine cell lineages that produce different hormones and found that activating different types of enteroendocrine cells had varying effects on feeding behavior and gut motility. Understanding the physiological roles of different enteroendocrine cell types is important for the study of sensory biology in the intestine.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sridevi Krishnan, Sean H. Adams, Megan G. Witbracht, Leslie R. Woodhouse, Brian D. Piccolo, Anthony P. Thomas, Elaine C. Souza, William F. Horn, Erik R. Gertz, Marta D. Van Loan, Nancy L. Keim
Summary: This study did not support the hypothesis that including dairy in long-term dietary patterns affects appetite during weight loss. Instead, weight loss itself had a modest impact on regulating hunger and satiety systems.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Tyler Maher, Miriam E. Clegg
Summary: Research suggests that medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) may reduce energy intake more effectively than long-chain triglycerides (LCT), but the impact on subjective appetite ratings and hormone levels is less clear. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms by which MCT influence energy intake.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Chao Yang, Qinchuan Li, Qiaohong Chen
Summary: A modeling approach using global independent generalized displacement coordinates (IGDC) was proposed for analyzing the natural frequencies of parallel manipulators (PMs), integrating compatibility conditions and singularity assessment to establish the model. The effectiveness of the proposed model was demonstrated using 2UPR-RPU and 2UR-2RPU PMs as examples, while considering the influence of element divisions on the natural frequencies for accurate computation.
MECHANISM AND MACHINE THEORY
(2021)
Article
Anesthesiology
Dileep N. Lobo, Pavel Skorepa, Dhanwant Gomez, Paul L. Greenhaff
Summary: Prehabilitation comprises multidisciplinary healthcare interventions aimed at reducing metabolic response to surgery, shortening recovery period, decreasing complications, and improving quality of recovery and life. However, the results of previous studies on prehabilitation show varying outcomes and weak evidence, partly due to heterogeneity in patient populations, interventions, and outcome measures. More large-scale, multicentre trials with clear clinically relevant endpoints are needed to strengthen the evidence and focus on recruiting frail, high-risk patients for prehabilitation interventions tailored to their abilities with longitudinal measurements of impact.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA
(2023)
Letter
Anesthesiology
Jos Crush, Nicholas Levy, Roger D. Knaggs, Dileep N. Lobo
BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA
(2023)
Article
Neuroimaging
Gita Thapaliya, Sally Eldeghaidy, Michael Asghar, Jordan McGing, Shellie Radford, Susan Francis, Gordon William Moran
Summary: This study investigates brain morphometry in patients with Crohn's disease and finds that there are alterations in brain structure, including reduced volume in certain regions, increased volume in others, and atrophy of the supplementary motor area. These structural changes are likely a result of chronic inflammation, abdominal pain, extraintestinal manifestations, and fatigue.
BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Celine Bretscher, Michelle Buergin, Gianna Gurzeler, Nina Kagi-Braun, Carla Gressies, Pascal Tribolet, Dileep N. Lobo, David C. Evans, Zeno Stanga, Beat Mueller, Philipp Schuetz
Summary: In a post hoc analysis of a nutrition trial, low prealbumin levels were found to be associated with higher all-cause 180-day mortality rates. Individualized nutrition support was more effective than usual-care nutrition in improving survival at 30 days in patients with low prealbumin levels. These findings highlight the importance of prealbumin levels as a biomarker for assessing nutrition risk.
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Simon L. Parsons, Prita Daliya, Phil Evans, Dileep N. Lobo
Summary: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a digital information-sharing platform to support a digital informed consent process. The platform provided patients with multimedia information on gallstones and treatment options, and allowed them to record their medical history and ask questions. Despite some drop-outs due to difficulties in accessing the platform, patients welcomed the opportunity to receive information digitally before their consultation and felt empowered to be involved in decision-making.
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Philip J. J. Herrod, Alex T. Kwok, Dileep N. Lobo
Summary: This review traces the history of appendicectomy from the first anatomical depiction of the appendix to the development of open, minimally invasive, and non-operative methods. It corrects some inaccuracies in previous historical reviews and highlights the significant contributions of different surgeons throughout history.
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
R. M. Baamer, D. J. Humes, L. S. Toh, R. D. Knaggs, D. N. Lobo
Summary: This retrospective cohort study found that patients with pre-operative opioid exposure had the highest prevalence of persistent postoperative opioid use following colectomy. Predictors of persistent opioid use included previous opioid exposure, high deprivation index, multiple comorbidities, use of long-acting opioids, white race, and open surgery. Minimally invasive surgical approaches were associated with lower odds of persistent opioid use and may be a modifiable risk factor.
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nathalie Delzenne, Nicolaas E. Deutz, Dileep N. Lobo, George Grimble
Summary: In this education paper, advice is given on successful scientific grant writing. The paper emphasizes the importance of defining research hypothesis, fulfilling technical aspects, and understanding the requirements before writing the proposal. It also highlights the need to develop a timeline, create an attractive summary, and set SMART research objectives. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the importance of making the proposal understandable to non-experts while providing sufficient details for experts.
CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN
(2023)
Review
Anesthesiology
G. P. Joshi, E. Albrecht, M. van de Velde, H. Kehlet, D. N. Lobo
Summary: This article presents the updated PROSPECT methodology for developing recommendations for procedure-specific pain management. Future research will focus on improving registration and study design, as well as using appropriate tools to assess the quality of methods and results. The revised methodology also addresses limitations and increases transparency.
Review
Anesthesiology
S. Liu, A. Athar, D. Quach, A. E. Patanwala, J. M. Naylor, J. A. Stevens, N. Levy, R. D. Knaggs, D. N. Lobo, J. Penm
Summary: The use of modified-release opioids for acute postoperative pain is common, but it may increase the risk of adverse effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of modified-release compared to immediate-release oral opioids in adults with postoperative pain. The review included randomized clinical trials and observational studies that compared these two types of opioids. The results showed that modified-release opioids were associated with higher incidence of adverse events and worse pain compared to immediate-release opioids. The study concluded that modified-release opioids were not superior in terms of analgesic consumption, hospital stay, hospital readmission, or physical function after surgery. One study found that modified-release opioids were linked to higher rates of persistent postoperative opioid use. No studies reported on psychological function, costs, or quality of life.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dileep N. Lobo
Summary: This review article summarizes the author's work on fluid and electrolyte balance over the past 25 years and how these studies have influenced clinical practice. The article emphasizes the adverse effects of inappropriate use of saline solutions, including hyperchloraemic acidosis caused by 0.9% saline. It also highlights the importance of accurate fluid balance in clinical practice. The findings of this research have been incorporated into guidelines and are helping change clinical practice and improve outcomes.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Amanda Koh, Olamide Oyende, David J. Humes, Dileep N. Lobo
Summary: Chronic pancreatitis is associated with increased risk of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fractures. This systematic review and meta-analysis found that the prevalence of osteoporosis was 19% in patients with chronic pancreatitis, and they were more likely to have osteoporosis compared to controls. The study highlights the need for further research on the impact of osteoporotic fractures and associated morbidity and mortality in chronic pancreatitis.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicolaas E. Deutz, Nathalie Delzenne, George Grimble, Dileep N. Lobo
Summary: Publishing a scientific paper is a challenging process that depends on the quality of study design, research questions, clear primary endpoints, and data from a large population. Before submission, it is important to meet ethical requirements, register in public databases, and declare any conflicts of interest. The structure of the manuscript includes sections for introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, and an abstract that summarizes all aspects concisely. The publication process involves editors, reviewers, and publishers, with the initial impression being crucial for review. Thoughtful responses to reviewers' feedback are necessary for revisions. The goal is acceptance and publication of the paper.
CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
George Grimble, Dileep N. Lobo, Nathalie Delzenne, Nicolaas E. Deutz
Summary: When presenting a paper, it is important to tailor your presentation to the audience's knowledge level and the title and abstract you submitted. Keep the talk simple and avoid complexity. Stick to the scheduled time and present the information in a concise manner. Make sure your slides are clear and informative, readable from a distance. Practice the talk beforehand, preferably with colleagues, and be prepared to make any necessary changes. Familiarize yourself with the content so you can relax and enjoy the experience.
CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dileep N. Lobo, George Grimble, Nathalie Delzenne, Nicolaas E. Deutz
Summary: There are potential pitfalls in the publication process that researchers may encounter, whether knowingly or unknowingly. Disregarding publication governance can be risky and harm the reputation of authors and co-authors, even if the errors are unintentional. This article highlights these pitfalls, introduces relevant rules in research and publishing, and guides readers on how to avoid stumbling on the path to publication.
CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Edna C. Cieslik, Markus Ullsperger, Martin Gell, Simon B. Eickhoff, Robert Langner
Summary: Previous studies on error processing have primarily focused on the posterior medial frontal cortex, but the role of other brain regions has been underestimated. This study used activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses to explore brain activity related to committing errors and responding successfully in interference tasks. It was found that the salience network and the temporoparietal junction were commonly involved in both correct and incorrect responses, indicating their general involvement in coping with situations that require increased cognitive control. Error-specific convergence was observed in the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, posterior thalamus, and left superior frontal gyrus, while successful responding showed stronger convergence in the dorsal attention network and lateral prefrontal regions. Underrecruitment of these regions in error trials may reflect failures in activating the appropriate stimulus-response contingencies necessary for successful response execution.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2024)
