Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Francesco Zagaria, Giovanni P. Rosotti, Giuseppe Lodato
Summary: The discovery of exoplanets in binary or multiple stellar systems has sparked a new interest in the study of protoplanetary discs in stellar aggregations. Observations show that discs in binary systems are fainter and smaller than in isolated systems, and the size of disc dust is consistent with tidal truncation. Additionally, the presence of a stellar companion accelerates the radial migration of solids and challenges planet formation.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Francesco Zagaria, Giovanni P. Rosotti, Cathie J. Clarke, Benoit Tabone
Summary: This study predicts the time evolution of disc sizes in protoplanetary discs using 1D gas and dust simulations, comparing the results of viscous and magnetic wind models. The study finds that the two models have significantly different dust disc radii, with discs becoming larger over time in the viscous case and maintaining constant or decreasing sizes in the magnetohydrodynamic wind models. While current observations are not sensitive enough to differentiate between the two scenarios, higher sensitivity surveys could provide valuable insights in the future.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. Tazzari, L. Testi, A. Natta, J. P. Williams, M. Ansdell, J. M. Carpenter, S. Facchini, G. Guidi, M. Hogherheijde, C. F. Manara, A. Miotello, N. van der Marel
Summary: The ALMA survey of protoplanetary discs in the Lupus star-forming region at 3 mm reveals that most discs have spectral indices below 2.5, indicating the possible presence of millimetre-sized grains in bright discs, while faint discs can be explained by a mixture of optically thin and thick emission.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Giovanni P. Rosotti, John D. Ilee, Stefano Facchini, Marco Tazzari, Richard A. Booth, Cathie Clarke, Mihkel Kama
Summary: Recent high-resolution observations of proto-planetary discs revealed new findings, showing specific gaps and rings in gas emission that may be caused by shadowing from the inner disc. Mapping gas surface density from high-resolution gas emission lines observations needs to be done carefully.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. Tazzari, C. J. Clarke, L. Testi, J. P. Williams, S. Facchini, C. F. Manara, A. Natta, G. Rosotti
Summary: We analyzed spatially resolved ALMA observations of 26 protoplanetary discs in the Lupus star-forming region at different wavelengths, revealing relationships between disc size, luminosity, and potential discrepancies with dust evolution models. Our forward modelling suggests that large grains may be the most favored explanation for the observed disc characteristics.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Haochang Jiang, Chris W. Ormel
Summary: ALMA observations have shown that dust rings in protoplanetary discs are important for planet formation, where planetesimals can grow efficiently via pebble accretion. Type-I planet migration is crucial for the evolution of rings and planets.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Haochang Jiang, Chris W. Ormel
Summary: Recent ALMA observations have shown that a significant portion of protoplanetary discs exhibit bright rings at (sub)millimeter wavelengths, possibly due to dust trapping induced by pressure maxima. However, it is uncertain whether these pressure bumps can survive over evolutionary timescales. This study suggests that ALMA rings may be a result of a dense, clumpy mid-plane actively forming planetesimals, with a cycle of ring formation and dispersion driven by pebble reservoir feeding.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Elia Pizzati, Giovanni P. Rosotti, Benoit Tabone
Summary: This study assesses the strength of gas turbulence in protoplanetary discs by measuring the vertical distribution of dust component in six discs observed in the DSHARP programme. By observing the differences in gap contrasts along the major and minor axes, a radiative transfer model is used to replicate these features for different dust scale heights. The findings suggest that lower scale heights provide better agreement with the data, indicating low turbulence levels of alpha(SS) less than or similar to 10(-3) - 10(-4). For other systems considered, no significant constraints on the disc vertical structure were obtained, likely due to low disc inclination or insufficiently deep gaps. An empirical criterion is provided to evaluate the suitability of a given disc for measuring the vertical scale height.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Claudia Toci, Giovanni Rosotti, Giuseppe Lodato, Leonardo Testi, Leon Trapman
Summary: The study focuses on the efficiency of dust radial drift in protoplanetary disc evolution models, showing that radial drift leads to faster dust disc shrinkage than observed, indicating that current models overestimate the effect of radial drift.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Alice Somigliana, Claudia Toci, Giovanni Rosotti, Giuseppe Lodato, Marco Tazzari, Carlo F. Manara, Leonardo Testi, Federico Lepri
Summary: Large surveys of star-forming regions have revealed power-law correlations between stellar mass and disc parameters, but the reasons behind these correlations and their evolution are uncertain. This study conducts a theoretical analysis and numerical simulations to investigate the impact of viscous evolution on these correlations. The results show that viscous evolution enforces the correlations to have the same slope, and the increasing trend observed is a consequence of a positive correlation between viscous time-scale and stellar mass. Comparisons with observational data help constrain the parameter space of the initial conditions.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
E. Miller, S. Marino, S. M. Stammler, P. Pinilla, C. Lenz, T. Birnstiel, Th Henning
Summary: Studying the determinants of exoKuiper belt width is complex, as observations have shown a nearly fourfold increase in width in mature systems compared to narrow belts in protoplanetary discs. Research suggests that dust traps during migration may facilitate planetesimal formation, leading to a positive correlation between inward radial speed and final planetesimal belt width.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Samuel M. Karlin, Olja Panic, Sven van Loo
Summary: The major satellites of Jupiter and Saturn are believed to have formed in circumplanetary discs (CPDs), which orbit forming giant protoplanets. Gas and dust in CPDs have different distributions and affect each other by drag, which varies with grain size. Simulations of multiple dust grain sizes with separate dynamics have not been done before. The amount of dust of each grain size in CPDs was assessed through multifluid 3D hydrodynamical simulations, showing a truncated MRN distribution at smaller grain sizes and very inefficient accretion of large dust grains to CPDs due to dust filtration. The dust masses in CPDs are small, with a mass ratio similar to a few x 10(-6) to the protoplanet, in line with observed CPD fluxes.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ian Rabago, Zhaohuan Zhu, Rebecca G. Martin, Stephen H. Lubow
Summary: We present the first grid-based simulations of the polar alignment of a circumbinary disc. By using the grid-based code athena++, we investigate the evolution of an inclined disc around an eccentric binary. Our results show that high viscosity leads to polar alignment, while low viscosity results in little alignment over 1000 binary orbital periods. We also observe anticyclonic vortices at the inner edge of the disc at very low viscosities, which can have significant implications for the evolution of circumbinary systems.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Benoit Tabone, Giovanni P. Rosotti, Alexander J. Cridland, Philip J. Armitage, Giuseppe Lodato
Summary: The evolution of protoplanetary discs and planet formation is influenced by angular momentum transport and mass-loss processes. The paradigm of viscosity has been challenged in recent years, with MHD disc winds emerging as a new scenario for disc accretion.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Francesco Zagaria, Giovanni P. Rosotti, Giuseppe Lodato
Summary: This study focuses on the evolution of dust grains in planet-forming discs in binary systems, showing that the presence of a stellar companion significantly reduces the amount of solids retained in binary discs and speeds up their dispersal. The rapid dispersal of dust in binary discs has a strong impact on planet formation, inhibiting the process in a hostile environment unless other disc substructures can halt radial drift further in.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Claudia Toci, Giuseppe Lodato, Francesco Gerardo Livio, Giovanni Rosotti, Leon Trapman
Summary: A robust knowledge of the observed disc radius using gas tracers such as (CO)-C-12 is pivotal to understand the mechanism responsible for accretion in protoplanetary discs. This letter presents an analytical solution for the evolution of disc radii in viscously evolving protoplanetary discs using (CO)-C-12 as a tracer, assuming that the (CO)-C-12 radius is the radius where the surface density of the disc is equal to the threshold for CO photodissociation. Our results suggest that freeze-out also plays an important role in setting the disc size, in addition to photodissociation.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
P. Nazari, B. Tabone, G. P. Rosotti
Summary: This study investigates the lack of methanol emission from some massive protostellar systems. It finds that the presence of a disk does not significantly affect the temperature structure and methanol emission from high-mass protostars. The methanol emission is lower for models with high millimeter opacity dust, but a large disk is needed for this effect to be effective. The low methanol emission in high-luminosity sources can be explained by the presence of HII regions without methanol.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
F. Zagaria, G. P. Rosotti, R. D. Alexander, C. J. Clarke
Summary: In multiple stellar systems, interactions among companion stars and their discs have significant impacts on planet formation. Tidal truncation in circumstellar cases leads to smaller, fainter and shorter-lived protoplanetary discs, resulting in a reduced availability of material for forming planetary embryos. Conversely, in circumbinary cases, reduced accretion can increase the lifetime of discs, which has positive effects on planet formation. This chapter provides a review of observational results on discs in multiple stellar systems, discussing possible explanations, particularly focusing on recent numerical simulations of dust dynamics and disc evolution. Finally, open issues and future research directions are examined.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. F. Izquierdo, L. Testi, S. Facchini, G. P. Rosotti, E. F. van Dishoeck, L. Wolfer, T. Paneque-Carreno
Summary: The study aims to devise an automated and statistically robust technique to detect and quantify kinematical perturbations caused by planets in a gas disc, and accurately infer the location of the planets. The authors conducted hydrodynamical simulations and radiative transfer calculations to analyze the gas kinematics in discs and successfully detected the presence and location of embedded planets.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yapeng Zhang, Christian Ginski, Jane Huang, Alice Zurlo, Herve Beust, Jaehan Bae, Myriam Benisty, Antonio Garufi, Michiel R. R. Hogerheijde, Rob G. G. van Holstein, Matthew Kenworthy, Maud Langlois, Carlo F. F. Manara, Paola Pinilla, Christian Rab, Alvaro Ribas, Giovanni P. P. Rosotti, Jonathan Williams
Summary: In this study, we investigated and compared circumstellar disks in three stellar multiple systems using near-infrared scattered-light imaging. Our observations revealed that the presence of companion stars affects the morphology and evolution of the disks, potentially resulting in different planetary populations. The comparison of the three systems showed that the influence of stellar companions on disk structures decreases with increasing separation.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Eleonora Fiorellino, Lukasz Tychoniec, Fernando Cruz-Saenz de Miera, Simone Antoniucci, Agnes Kospal, Carlo F. Manara, Brunella Nisini, Giovanni Rosotti
Summary: This work aims to fill the gap in the poorly constrained information about the accretion luminosity and stellar parameters for the youngest sources. Using a self-consistent method, we calculated the accretion and stellar properties for 50 young stars for the first time. Our analysis focused on 39 confirmed protostars and found that their mass accretion rates range between 10(-8) and 10(-4) solar masses per year. We found systematically larger mass accretion rates for the Class I sample compared to Class II objects.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yinhao Wu, Yi-Xian Chen, Haochang Jiang, Ruobing Dong, Enrique Macias, Min-Kai Lin, Giovanni P. Rosotti, Vardan Elbakyan
Summary: A novel approach to distinguishing wind-driven and turbulence-driven accretion has been proposed by studying the gap and ring morphology of planet-forming discs in ALMA continuum. Results from hydrodynamical simulations show that gap-opening planets in wind-driven accreting discs generate characteristic dust substructures that differ from those in purely viscous discs. The classification of planet-induced features sets up a potential method to constrain the strength of magnetized disc wind and viscosity based on observed morphology.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Giovanni P. Rosotti
Summary: Proto-planetary discs, the birth environment of planets, are commonly found astrophysical structures. The detection of turbulence in these discs has been a long-standing problem, but recent observational studies suggest that turbulence may not be as prevalent as previously thought, and other mechanisms such as MHD winds could be responsible for powering accretion.
NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
P. Curone, L. Testi, E. Macias, M. Tazzari, S. Facchini, J. P. Williams, C. J. Clarke, A. Natta, G. Rosotti, C. Toci, G. Lodato
Summary: Observations of protoplanetary disks require a multiwavelength approach to fully understand their physical mechanisms and planet formation. This study focuses on CX Tau, using observations and analysis from multiple telescopes and wavelengths. The results show consistent findings with theoretical predictions and peculiar behavior in the centimeter wavelength observations.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Anusha Kalyaan, Paola Pinilla, Sebastiaan Krijt, Andrea Banzatti, Giovanni Rosotti, Gijs D. Mulders, Michiel Lambrechts, Feng Long, Gregory J. Herczeg
Summary: Substructures in protoplanetary disks, such as gaps, can trap dust particles and affect the distribution of pebbles in the disk. These gaps can impact the delivery of pebbles, which is important for the formation of inner planets. They can also affect the distribution of volatiles, like water vapor, within the disk. In this study, we investigate the influence of gaps in the outer gas disk on water vapor enrichment in the inner disk using a disk evolution model. We find that the abundance of water vapor in the inner disk is strongly influenced by the fragmentation velocity and turbulence, which determine the intensity and duration of pebble delivery and enrichment in the disk.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Leon Trapman, Giovanni Rosotti, Ke Zhang, Benoit Tabone
Summary: The mechanism driving the evolution of protoplanetary disks is still uncertain, and the direct detection of turbulence or disk winds has been difficult. To differentiate between these mechanisms, the evolution of the disk size is studied. The relation between the observed gas disk size and the physical disk size is examined, and a correlation between gas column density and disk mass is found. The decrease in disk size in the older Upper Sco region may be due to significant external photoevaporation.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Alice Somigliana, Leonardo Testi, Giovanni Rosotti, Claudia Toci, Giuseppe Lodato, Benoit Tabone, Carlo F. Manara, Marco Tazzari
Summary: As the classic viscous paradigm for protoplanetary disk accretion is challenged by observational evidence, the alternative scenario of MHD disk winds is being explored. This study presents a method to distinguish between viscous and MHD models based on the evolution of disk mass-accretion rate distribution in a disk population. Analytical calculations and numerical simulations show that the spread of this distribution decreases over time, with a less pronounced effect in MHD-dominated populations compared to viscous populations. The difference between the two models can be detected using current observational facilities.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Richard Alexander, Giovanni Rosotti, Philip J. Armitage, Gregory J. Herczeg, Carlo F. Manara, Benoit Tabone
Summary: We find that the distribution of observed accretion rates is a powerful tool to distinguish between two mechanisms of disc accretion, namely turbulent transport of angular momentum and magnetized disc winds. A sample of 300 observed accretion rates would be sufficient to confidently differentiate between the two mechanisms, even with conservative assumptions. Current observations of T Tauri star accretion rates are too small and heterogeneous to provide a clear answer, making both viscous and wind-driven models valid.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Elia Pizzati, Giovanni P. Rosotti, Benoit Tabone
Summary: This study assesses the strength of gas turbulence in protoplanetary discs by measuring the vertical distribution of dust component in six discs observed in the DSHARP programme. By observing the differences in gap contrasts along the major and minor axes, a radiative transfer model is used to replicate these features for different dust scale heights. The findings suggest that lower scale heights provide better agreement with the data, indicating low turbulence levels of alpha(SS) less than or similar to 10(-3) - 10(-4). For other systems considered, no significant constraints on the disc vertical structure were obtained, likely due to low disc inclination or insufficiently deep gaps. An empirical criterion is provided to evaluate the suitability of a given disc for measuring the vertical scale height.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Andrea Banzatti, Klaus M. Pontoppidan, John S. Carr, Evan Jellison, Ilaria Pascucci, Joan R. Najita, Carlos E. Munoz-Romero, Karin I. Oeberg, Anusha Kalyaan, Paola Pinilla, Sebastiaan Krijt, Feng Long, Michiel Lambrechts, Giovanni Rosotti, Gregory J. Herczeg, Colette Salyk, Ke Zhang, Edwin A. Bergin, Nicholas P. Ballering, Michael R. Meyer, Simon Bruderer
Summary: Previous analyses have found an anticorrelation between water luminosity and the millimeter dust disk radius in young protoplanetary disks. New observations using JWST-MIRI spectra reveal that compact disks have higher water emission compared to large disks, suggesting an enhanced inward mass flux of icy pebbles in compact disks. This opens up exciting prospects for studying planet formation chemistry with JWST.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2023)