Article
Neurosciences
Katarzyna Bilinska, Christopher S. von Bartheld, Rafal Butowt
Summary: There is a possibility that SARS-CoV-2 virus may enter the brain through nervus terminalis neurons as an alternative route from the nose.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Chen Huang, Yu Jiang, Jie Yan
Summary: This study identified that some animals lack key receptors for binding to SARS-CoV-2, potentially reducing their susceptibility to the virus. Additionally, it was found that Ace2 in animals may have lower affinity for SARS-CoV-2 binding compared to human ACE2. The research sheds light on the human-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Rafal Butowt, Katarzyna Bilinska, Christopher von Bartheld
Summary: The omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 causes lower prevalence of anosmia compared to previous variants, possibly due to changes in tissue infection mechanisms. The new mutations make omicron less capable of infecting olfactory cells, thereby sparing olfactory function.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Ioannis P. Trougakos, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Evangelos Terpos, Ourania E. Tsitsilonis, Evmorfia Aivalioti, Dimitrios Paraskevis, Efstathios Kastritis, George N. Pavlakis, Meletios A. Dimopoulos
Summary: The article discusses the two-phase nature of COVID-19, highlighting the characteristics of increased virus transmission and uncontrolled inflammatory immune responses which can lead to severe complications. The focus is on approaches to suppress viral infection rates, activate adaptive immune responses, and mitigate tissue damage and cytokine storms associated with COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Markus Hoffmann, Nadine Krueger, Sebastian Schulz, Anne Cossmann, Cheila Rocha, Amy Kempf, Inga Nehlmeier, Luise Graichen, Anna-Sophie Moldenhauer, Martin S. Winkler, Martin Lier, Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka, Hans-Martin Jaeck, Georg M. N. Behrens, Stefan Poehlmann
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is spreading rapidly and shows resistance to most therapeutic antibodies. It also evades neutralization by antibodies induced by infection or vaccination more efficiently than the Delta variant. This suggests that therapeutic antibodies may not be effective against the Omicron variant, and double vaccination with BNT162b2 may not provide adequate protection against severe disease caused by this variant.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Silvia Martinez-Diz, Carmen Maria Morales-Alvarez, Yarmila Garcia-Iglesias, Juan Miguel Guerrero-Gonzalez, Catalina Romero-Cachinero, Jose Maria Gonzalez-Cabezuelo, Francisco Javier Fernandez-Rosado, Veronica Arenas-Rodriguez, Rocio Lopez-Cintas, Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero, Luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez
Summary: This study investigates the role of ACE2, AR, MX1, ERG, ETV5, and TMPRSS2 in COVID-19, aiming to classify patients more effectively by understanding the disease mechanisms. The results demonstrate that besides TMPRSS2, higher expression levels of AR are associated with a decreased risk of severe COVID-19 in females. Additionally, functional analysis reveals that ACE2, MX1, and TMPRSS2 are relevant markers in COVID-19.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Yonatan Shneor Patt, Lior Fisher, Paula David, Moriah Bergwerk, Yehuda Shoenfeld
Summary: Smelling is important in daily life, and impairment of the sense of smell can reduce quality of life. Autoimmune conditions and the recent COVID-19 pandemic have been associated with anosmia. There are theories suggesting that the Omicron variant may have a reduced ability to penetrate the olfactory epithelium, leading to a lower prevalence of anosmia.
Article
Biology
Gi-Cheol Park, Hyoun-Wook Lee, Ji-Min Kim, Ji-Min Han, Hye-In Kim, Sung-Chan Shin, Yong-il Cheon, Eui-Suk Sung, Minhyung Lee, Jin-Choon Lee, Dong-Min Shin, Byung-Joo Lee
Summary: ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteins were not expressed in thyroid follicular cells, but were found in thyroidal pericytes instead. This study indicates that SARS-CoV-2 does not directly infect thyroid follicular cells, suggesting that microcirculatory damage caused by pericyte infection might play a role in COVID-19-related thyroid dysfunction. Further research is needed to explore the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pericytes in relation to thyroid complications.
Article
Immunology
Chiara Agostinis, Miriam Toffoli, Mariagiulia Spazzapan, Andrea Balduit, Gabriella Zito, Alessandro Mangogna, Luisa Zupin, Tiziana Salviato, Serena Maiocchi, Federico Romano, Sergio Crovella, Francesco Fontana, Luca Braga, Marco Confalonieri, Giuseppe Ricci, Uday Kishore, Roberta Bulla
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnant women, identifying important information related to placental cell receptors and susceptibility to infection, as well as highlighting the detrimental effects of Spike protein on pregnancy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Gi Cheol Park, Soo-Young Bang, Hyoun Wook Lee, Kyung Un Choi, Ji Min Kim, Sung-Chan Shin, Yong-il Cheon, Eui-Suk Sung, Minhyung Lee, Jin-Choon Lee, Hyung-Sik Kim, Byung-Joo Lee
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of ACE2- and TMPRSS2-expressing cells in various oral tissues and found that SARS-CoV-2 can invade the oral mucosa, taste buds, trigeminal nerve, parotid gland, and microvessels, leading to oral manifestations.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hyung Muk Choi, Soo Youn Moon, Hyung In Yang, Kyoung Soo Kim
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic. Severe patients lack definitive treatment, only symptomatic drugs are used based on clinician experience. Basic medical researchers are exploring the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giulia Pozzi, Elena Masselli, Giuliana Gobbi, Prisco Mirandola, Luis Taborda-Barata, Luca Ampollini, Paolo Carbognani, Cristina Micheloni, Francesco Corazza, Daniela Galli, Cecilia Carubbi, Marco Vitale
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected nearly 190 million people worldwide with over 4 million confirmed deaths. Finding protective and therapeutic strategies is urgent, and H2S may help reduce the potential for SARS-CoV-2 to enter respiratory epithelial cells.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryuta Uraki, Maki Kiso, Shun Iida, Masaki Imai, Emi Takashita, Makoto Kuroda, Peter J. Halfmann, Samantha Loeber, Tadashi Maemura, Seiya Yamayoshi, Seiichiro Fujisaki, Zhongde Wang, Mutsumi Ito, Michiko Ujie, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Yuri Furusawa, Ryan Wright, Zhenlu Chong, Seiya Ozono, Atsuhiro Yasuhara, Hiroshi Ueki, Yuko Sakai-Tagawa, Rong Li, Yanan Liu, Deanna Larson, Michiko Koga, Takeya Tsutsumi, Eisuke Adachi, Makoto Saito, Shinya Yamamoto, Masao Hagihara, Keiko Mitamura, Tetsuro Sato, Masayuki Hojo, Shin-ichiro Hattori, Kenji Maeda, Riccardo Valdez, Moe Okuda, Jurika Murakami, Calvin Duong, Sucheta Godbole, Daniel C. Douek, Ken Maeda, Shinji Watanabe, Aubree Gordon, Norio Ohmagari, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Michael S. Diamond, Hideki Hasegawa, Hiroaki Mitsuya, Tadaki Suzuki, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Summary: The replicative ability and pathogenicity of Omicron BA.2 variant is similar to that of BA.1 in rodents, but it shows less pathogenicity compared to early SARS-CoV-2 strains. There is a marked reduction in the neutralizing activity of plasma from individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 and vaccine recipients against BA.2 variant.
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Deepak Kumar, Sonam Verma, Indira U. Mysorekar
Summary: As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its third year, increasing evidence shows higher risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, including various complications and potential harm to the fetus. This review examines clinical reports on COVID-19 pregnancy complications, placental pathologies caused by SARS-CoV-2, immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface, and the genomic and proteomic characteristics of the virus. The effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy are also discussed, addressing concerns of pregnant individuals who were not included in vaccine clinical trials.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Stefania Damiani, Michelangelo Fiorentino, Alessandra De Palma, Maria Pia Foschini, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Liliana Gabrielli, Pier Luigi Viale, Luciano Attard, Mattia Riefolo, Antonia D'Errico
Summary: Italy was the first European nation to be heavily affected by SARS-CoV-2, with over 33,000 deaths recorded by the end of May 2020. Autopsies on nine patients who died of SARS-CoV-2-associated disease revealed diffuse alveolar damage in lung tissues, with vascular involvement and eosinophilic infiltrate. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in the lung tissues of all nine patients was also confirmed.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarzyna Bilinska, Patrycja Jakubowska, Christopher S. Von Bartheld, Rafal Butowt
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarzyna Bilinska, Rafal Butowt
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rafal Butowt, Katarzyna Bilinska, Christopher S. Von Bartheld
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rafal Butowt, Christopher S. von Bartheld
Summary: The prevalence of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19 differs between populations, possibly due to differences in virus strains or host proteins. Recent progress has been made in defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms of virus-induced anosmia, focusing on the role of sustentacular cells in the olfactory epithelium. The potential for using smell and taste dysfunctions as early diagnostic tools in COVID-19 is discussed.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Rafal Butowt, Nicolas Meunier, Bertrand Bryche, Christopher S. von Bartheld
Summary: Recent studies suggest that the novel coronavirus may infect the brain through the olfactory nerve, causing loss of smell and taste. However, the current evidence for infection of olfactory neurons leading to brain infection is inconclusive, with conflicting results from animal and human studies. More research is needed to determine the exact mechanisms and routes of brain infection by SARS-CoV-2.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher S. von Bartheld, Molly M. Hagen, Rafal Butowt
Summary: The prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients varies greatly between populations, possibly due to factors at the host and virus levels. The D614G mutation is identified as a major contributing factor to the increased prevalence of anosmia in COVID-19.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Rafal Butowt, Katarzyna Bilinska, Christopher von Bartheld
Summary: The omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 causes lower prevalence of anosmia compared to previous variants, possibly due to changes in tissue infection mechanisms. The new mutations make omicron less capable of infecting olfactory cells, thereby sparing olfactory function.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
