Exosomal-long non-coding RNAs journey in colorectal cancer: Evil and goodness faces of key players

Abbreviations: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, APC; Apoptosis-Linked gene-2 Interacting protein X, ALIX; Apoptotic bodies, Abs; Astrocyte elevated gene-1, AEG-1; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-AntiSense, BDNF-AS; Branched Chain Amino Acid Transaminase 1, BCAT1; Breast Cancer Anti-estrogen Resistance 4, BCAR4; Breast Cancer gene 1, BRCA1; Cancer Antigen 19-9, CA 19-9; Cancer Susceptibility 11, CASC11; Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts, CAFs; Carcino-Embryonic Antigen, CEA; Casein Kinase 1, CK1; Cell Migration Inducing Protein, CEMIP; Cellular Met, tyrosine-protein kinase/Alpha serine-threonine Kinase 1, c-Met/Akt; Cellular Myelo-cytomatosis, c-Myc; Central Nervous System, CNS; Circular RNA, circRNA; Cluster of Differention, CD; Collagen type V Alpha 1 chain, COL5A1; Colon Cancer Associated Transcript-2, CCAT2; Colo-Rectal Cancer, CRC; Colorectal Neoplasia Differentially Expressed, CRNDE; Competing endogenous RNA, ceRNA; DEAD-Box helicase 5, DDX5; Dendritic Cells, DCs; Dendritic cells derived exosomes, Dex; DNA Methyl-Transferase 3 Alpha, DNMT3A; Doxorubicin, Dox; Doxorubicin incorporated into exosomes, ExoDOX; Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport, ESCRT; Enhancer of Zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit, EZH2; Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, EGFR; Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition, EMT; Extra-Cellular Matrix, ECM; Fecal Occult Blood Test, FOBT; Fibroblast Growth Factor, FGF; FOS-Like antigen 2, FOSL2; Glycogen Synthase Kinase-beta, GSK-beta; Gold Nano-Particles, GNPs; H19-Igf2 locus lncRNA, H19; Heat shock protein, Hsp; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 homeobox A-Anti-Sense RNA 1, HNF1A-AS1; Heterogeneous nuclear Ribo-Nucleo-Protein K, hnRNP-K; Highly Up-regulated in Liver Cancer, HULC; HLA Complex Group 18, HCG 18; Homeobox C (HOXC) gene cluster Transcript Antisense Intergenic RNA, HOTAIR; Homeobox protein A9, HOXA9; Homebox D-antisense 1, HOXD-AS1; HOXA Transcript at the distal tip, HOTTIP; Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1A Anti-Sense RNA 2, HIF1A-AS2; Inflammatory Bowel Disease, IBD; Inter-FeroN gamma, IFN-gamma; Intra-Luminal Vesicles, ILVs; Janus Kinase 2, JAK2; KeRaTin-Associated Protein 5. 4, KRTAP 54; Kirsten RAt Sarcoma viral oncogene, KRAS; Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNA Regulator Of Reprogramming, LncRNA ROR, LINC-ROR; Long Non-Coding RNA, LncRNA; Major Histocompatibility antigen Complex, MHC; Matrix Metallo-Protein, MMP; Melanoma-Associated antigen GEne family member A, MAGE-A; Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition, MET; Messenger RNA, mRNA; Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1, MALAT1; Micro-RNA, miRNA; Micro-Vesicles, MVs; Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase, MAPK; Multi-Drug Resistance, MDR; Multi-Vesicular Bodies, MVBs; MutL Homolog 1, MLH1; MYB binding protein 1a, MYBBP1A; Nano Vesicles, NVs; Natural Killer cells, NKs; Non-coding RNA Activated by DNA Damage, NORAD; Noncoding RNAs, ncRNAs; Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, NSCLC; Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1, NEAT 1; p53 Upregulated Regulator of p53 Levels, PURPL; Phosphatase and TENsin homolog, PTEN; Phosphoinositide 3kinase, PI3K; Plasma Membrane, PM; Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1, PVT1; Pre-Metastatic Niches, PMNs; Pro-GRanuliN, PGRN; Prostate cancer-up regulated long noncoding RNA 1, PlncRNA-1; Receiver operating characteristic, ROC; Signal regulatory protein, SIRP; Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3, STAT3; Sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1, Sirt1; Small Cell Lung Cancer, SCLC; Small interfering RNA, siRNA; Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 7, SNHG7; Snail family transcriptional repressor 2, SNAI2; ST6 beta-GALactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1, ST6GAL1; Taurine Up regulated Gene 1, TUG1; T-BoX transcription factor 3, TBX3; T-Cell Factor, TCF; Transcriptional coactivator with pdZ-binding motif, TAZ; Transfer RNA, tRNA; Transforming Growth Factor, TGF; Transforming Growth Factor-Beta, TGF-beta; Tumor Associated Antigens, TAAs; Tumor Micro-Environment, TME; Tumor protein 53, Tp53; Tumor Susceptibility Gene, TSG; Tumor-derived EXosomes, TEXs; Ubiquitin-Fold modifier Conjugating enzyme 1, UFC1; Urothelial Cancer Associated 1, UCA1; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VEGF; V-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1, BRAF; Wingless-related integration site, Wnt; X-Inactive Specific Transcript, XIST; Yes-Associated Protein 1, YAP1; Zinc finger E-Box-binding protein 1-Anti-Sense 1, ZEB1-AS1; beta-1,3-GALactosyltransferase 5-AS1, B3GALT5AS1.

Automated summary

This article introduces a series of abbreviations relevant to cancer. These abbreviations cover various genes, proteins, and biological processes related to the occurrence and development of tumors.