Journal
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 137, Issue 5, Pages 1413-+Publisher
MOSBY-ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.001
Keywords
Asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; airway remodeling; quantitative computed tomography; asthma-COPD overlap syndrome; small airway disease; emphysema; gas trapping
Categories
Funding
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Novartis
- Roche
- Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship (CEB)
- Airway Disease Predicting Outcomes through Patient Specific Computational Modelling (AirPROM) project (FP7 EU grant)
- Leicester National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit
- MRC-ABPI COPD consortium(COPDMAP)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
- National Institute for Health Research [CL-2012-11-002] Funding Source: researchfish
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Background: There is a paucity of studies comparing asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on thoracic quantitative computed tomographic (QCT) parameters. Objectives: We sought to compare QCT parameters of airway remodeling, air trapping, and emphysema between asthmatic patients and patients with COPD and explore their relationship with airflow limitation. Methods: Asthmatic patients (n = 171), patients with COPD (n = 81), and healthy subjects (n = 49) recruited from a single center underwent QCT and clinical characterization. Results: Proximal airway percentage wall area (%WA) was significantly increased in asthmatic patients (62.5% [SD, 2.2]) and patients with COPD (62.7% [SD, 2.3]) compared with that in healthy control subjects (60.3% [SD, 2.2], P < .001). Air trapping measured based on mean lung density expiratory/inspiratory ratio was significantly increased in patients with COPD (mean, 0.922 [SD, 0.037]) and asthmatic patients (mean, 0.852 [SD, 0.061]) compared with that in healthy subjects (mean, 0.816 [SD, 0.066], P < .001). Emphysema assessed based on lung density measured by using Hounsfield units below which 15% of the voxels lie (Perc15) was a feature of COPD only (patients with COPD: mean, -964 [SD, 19.62] vs asthmatic patients: mean, -937 [SD, 22.7] and healthy subjects: mean, -937 [SD, 17.1], P < .001). Multiple regression analyses showed that the strongest predictor of lung function impairment in asthmatic patients was %WA, whereas in the COPD and asthma subgrouped with postbronchodilator FEV1 percent predicted value of less than 80%, it was air trapping. Factor analysis of QCT parameters in asthmatic patients and patients with COPD combined determined 3 components, with %WA, air trapping, and Perc15 values being the highest loading factors. Cluster analysis identified 3 clusters with mild, moderate, or severe lung function impairment with corresponding decreased lung density (Perc15 values) and increased air trapping. Conclusions: In asthmatic patients and patients with COPD, lung function impairment is strongly associated with air trapping, with a contribution from proximal airway narrowing in asthmatic patients.
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