Article
Immunology
Jillian S. Gauld, Franziska Olgemoeller, Eva Heinz, Rose Nkhata, Sithembile Bilima, Alexander M. Wailan, Neil Kennedy, Jane Mallewa, Melita A. Gordon, Jonathan M. Read, Robert S. Heyderman, Nicholas R. Thomson, Peter J. Diggle, Nicholas A. Feasey
Summary: This study in Blantyre, Malawi identified significant spatial heterogeneity of multidrug-resistant typhoid fever and highlighted the role of hydrological systems in the ongoing transmission.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Michael J. Sikorski, Tracy H. Hazen, Sachin N. Desai, Susana Nimarota-Brown, Siaosi Tupua, Michelle Sialeipata, Savitra Rambocus, Danielle J. Ingle, Sebastian Duchene, Susan A. Ballard, Mary Valcanis, Sara Zufan, Jianguo Ma, Jason W. Sahl, Mailis Maes, Gordon Dougan, Robert E. Thomsen, Roy M. Robins-Browne, Benjamin P. Howden, Take K. Naseri, Myron M. Levine, David A. Rasko
Summary: In this study, the population structure, evolutionary origins, and genomic features of S. Typhi associated with decades of endemic typhoid fever in Samoa were characterized using whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics analyses. Rare S. Typhi population in Samoa that likely emerged around the early 1970s and evolved into sublineages that are presently dominant were identified. The dominance of these endemic genotypes in Samoa is not readily explained by genomic content or widespread acquisition of antimicrobial resistance. These data establish the necessary framework for future genomic surveillance of S. Typhi in Samoa for public health benefit.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bing Hu, Peibin Hou, Lin Teng, Song Miao, Lijiang Zhao, Shengxiang Ji, Tao Li, Corinna Kehrenberg, Dianmin Kang, Min Yue
Summary: This study conducted a retrospective investigation into a community outbreak of typhoid fever in Lanling, China in 2016. The genomic analysis showed that the Salmonella Typhi isolate from drinking water was responsible for the outbreak, with a high similarity to the isolates from patients in terms of genomic content, virulence gene profiles, and antimicrobial resistance gene profiles. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed that these isolates were clonal variants. Furthermore, phylogeographical analysis suggested that the outbreak isolates were evolutionarily linked to isolates from the United Kingdom and Vietnam.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Seth A. Hoffman, Christopher LeBoa, Kashmira Date, Pradeep Haldar, Pauline Harvey, Rahul Shimpi, Qian An, Chenhua Zhang, Niniya Jayaprasad, Lily Horng, Kirsten Fagerli, Priyanka Borhade, Savita Daruwalla, Dhanya Dharmapalan, Jeetendra Gavhane, Shrikrishna Joshi, Rajesh Rai, Varsha Rathod, Keertana Shetty, Divyalatha S. Warrier, Shalini Yadav, Debjit Chakraborty, Sunil Bahl, Arun Katkar, Abhishek Kunwar, Vijay Yewale, Jason R. Andrews, Pankaj Bhatnagar, Shanta Dutta, Stephen P. Luby
Summary: In 2018, the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation implemented a typhoid conjugate vaccine campaign, which reduced typhoid risk by 56% in vaccinated communities compared to non-vaccinated communities. The campaign targeted children aged 9 months to 14 years, with a coverage rate of 71%. The study findings support the use of mass vaccination campaigns as effective tools against typhoid fever.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Manikandan Srinivasan, Kulandaipalayam Natarajan Sindhu, Sidhartha Giri, Nirmal Kumar, Venkata Raghava Mohan, Nicholas C. Grassly, Gagandeep Kang
Summary: The study reveals that 1 in 5 children with typhoid fever continue to shed Salmonella Typhi in stool after onset of fever, with shedding persisting even after completion of antibiotic treatment. Approximately 1 in 5 households had at least 1 contact shedding S Typhi, indicating potential concurrent typhoid infections in settings with poor water and sanitation.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Christopher B. Uzzell, Dilip Abraham, Jonathan Rigby, Catherine M. Troman, Satheesh Nair, Nicola Elviss, Lalithambigai Kathiresan, Rajan Srinivasan, Veeraraghavan Balaji, Nicolette A. Zhou, John Scott Meschke, Jacob John, Gagandeep Kang, Nicholas Feasey, Venkata Raghava Mohan, Nicholas C. Grassly
Summary: Environmental surveillance can be used for the prevention of typhoid fever and vaccine introduction, and it can describe the prevalence and distribution of Salmonella Typhi even in the absence of typhoid cases.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Megan E. Carey, Ruby Jain, Mohammad Yousuf, Mailis Maes, Zoe A. Dyson, Trang Nguyen Hoang Thu, To Nguyen Thi Nguyen, Thanh Ho Ngoc Dan, Quynh Nhu Pham Nguyen, Jaspreet Mahindroo, Duy Thanh Pham, Kawaljeet Singh Sandha, Stephen Baker, Neelam Taneja
Summary: The study in Northern India identified 66 S. Typhi organisms with antimicrobial resistance, including 7 strains with R717Q mutation in the acrB gene conferring resistance to azithromycin and 6 strains with triple mutations in gyrA and parC genes leading to ciprofloxacin resistance. This findings suggest an urgent need for typhoid conjugate vaccines introduction in South Asia as an emerging broader problem of antimicrobial resistance.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Megan Birkhold, Aziza Mwisongo, Andrew J. Pollard, Kathleen M. Neuzil
Summary: Typhoid fever remains a significant health burden in children in Asia and Africa, but recent studies show that the typhoid conjugate vaccine is safe and effective at preventing the disease. Countries like Pakistan, Liberia, and Zimbabwe have introduced the vaccine, and a multidisciplinary approach is needed to decrease the burden and mortality of typhoid fever.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Shabirul Haque, Pooja Swami, Azhar Khan
Summary: This review highlights the pathogenicity of typhoid fever, emphasizing the importance of vaccination as the key prevention strategy due to the high levels of antibiotic resistance found in S. Typhi strains. Various components of S. Typhi have been explored for vaccine development, with a focus on utilizing OMVs for protection against the disease. Vaccine design and delivery systems play crucial roles in preventing typhoid fever effectively.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jobin John Jacob, Agila Kumari Pragasam, Karthick Vasudevan, Balaji Veeraraghavan, Gagandeep Kang, Jacob John, Vasant Nagvekar, Ankur Mutreja
Summary: Recent reports have shown the emergence and spread of extensively drug resistant H58 Salmonella Typhi clone in Pakistan. In India, sporadic cases of ceftriaxone resistant S. Typhi have been reported, with resistance due to short term persistence of plasmids such as IncX3 (blaSHV-12) or IncN (blaTEM-1B + blaDHA-1). Continuous monitoring of plasmid-mediated cephalosporin resistant genes in S. Typhi lineages is crucial to prevent potential dissemination events globally.
Review
Mathematics
Sanubari Tansah Tresna, Subiyanto, Sudradjat Supian
Summary: This article explains and summarizes the published articles on the typhoid disease transmission model, providing insights into the transmission of Salmonella among humans and vectors and the effects of interventions on controlling the spread of typhoid disease.
Review
Microbiology
Amber J. Barton, Jennifer Hill, Christoph J. Blohmke, Andrew J. Pollard
Summary: This review summarizes the advances in understanding the pathogenesis of enteric fever, including mechanisms of host restriction, intestinal invasion, interactions with innate immunity, and chronic carriage, and discusses how this knowledge may advance future vaccines and antimicrobials.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Megan Birkhold, Shrimati Datta, Gi Deok Pak, Justin Im, Olakayode O. Ogundoyin, Dare Olulana, Taiwo A. Lawal, Oludolapo O. Afuwape, Aderemi Kehinde, Marie-France Phoba, Gaelle Nkoji, Abraham Aseffa, Mekonnen Teferi, Biruk Yeshitela, Oluwafemi Popoola, Michael Owusu, Lady Rosny Wandji Nana, Enoch G. Cakpo, Moussa Ouedraogo, Edgar Ouangre, Isso Ouedraogo, Anne-Sophie Heroes, Jan Jacobs, Ondari D. Mogeni, Andrea Haselbeck, Leah Sukri, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Octavie Lunguya Metila, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, Abdramane Soura Bassiahi, Raphael Rakotozandrindrainy, Iruka N. Okeke, Raphael M. Zellweger, Florian Marks
Summary: This study demonstrates that typhoid intestinal perforation (TIP) is the most serious complication of typhoid fever in certain regions of Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, and Nigeria. Many cases of TIP may not be reported as typhoid due to limited diagnostic capabilities in these countries.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ye Feng, Hang Pan, Beiwen Zheng, Fang Li, Lin Teng, Zhijie Jiang, Mengyao Feng, Xiao Zhou, Xianqi Peng, Xuebin Xu, Haoqiu Wang, Beibei Wu, Yonghong Xiao, Stephen Baker, Guoping Zhao, Min Yue
Summary: This study investigates the transmission of typhoid fever in China, revealing both local transmission and importation, which could guide the policy for typhoid control.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Abi Manesh, Eyal Meltzer, Celina Jin, Carl Britto, Divya Deodhar, Sneha Radha, Eli Schwartz, Priscilla Rupali
Summary: Enteric fever caused by Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi remains a significant infectious disease in Asia and Africa, with the highest prevalence reported in the Indian subcontinent. The emergence of widespread antimicrobial resistance has limited treatment options for travel-related EF, highlighting the importance of improving diagnosis, hygiene, and vaccination. Efforts to control typhoid include early detection of resistance, therapy with appropriate drugs, provision of safe drinking water, and vaccination among travellers and locals. improved vaccines against Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A are needed to enhance control measures.
JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Amber Barton, Athumani Ramadhani, Elias Mafuru, Tara Mtuy, Patrick Massae, Aiweda Malissa, Tamsyn Derrick, Joanna Houghton, Anna Harte, Thomas Payne, Harry Pickering, Matthew J. Burton, Chrissy H. Roberts, Martin J. Holland
Summary: HLA typing was performed on 336 Maasai participants using locus-specific amplicon sequencing at the HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1,-DQB1 and-DPB1 loci. The participants were recruited from three villages in North Tanzania for a study on risk factors for trachomatous scarring in children. Apart from the HLA-A locus, all other loci significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, possibly due to high relatedness among individuals: 238 individuals shared a household with at least one other participant. The most frequent alleles at each locus were A*68:02 (14.3%), B*53:01 (8.4%), C*06:02 (19.2%), DRB1*13:02 (17.7%), DQB1*02:01 (16.9%), and DPB1*01:01 (15.7%), while the most common inferred haplotype was A*68:02 B*18:01 C*07:04 DRB1*08:04 DQB1*04:02 DPB1*04:01 (1.3%).
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander J. Mentzer, Daniel O'Connor, Sagida Bibi, Irina L. Chelysheva, Elizabeth A. Clutterbuck, Tesfaye Demissie, Tanya Dinesh, Nick M. Edwards, Sally Felle, Shuo C. Feng, Amy Flaxman, Eleanor Karp-Tatham, Grace Li, Xinxue J. Liu, Natalie Marchevsky, Leila Godfrey, Rebecca K. Makinson, Maireid O. Bull, Jamie N. Fowler, Bana Alamad, Tomas Malinauskas, Amanda Chong, Katherine Sanders, Robert Shaw, Merryn Voysey, Matthew D. Snape, Andrew J. Pollard, Teresa Lambe, Julian C. Knight
Summary: Variation in antibody levels elicited by the COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCov-19 is linked to specific major histocompatibility complex class II alleles, providing insight into the breadth of immune response among vaccinated individuals. HLA-DQB1*06 allele is associated with higher levels of anti-RBD antibody and decreased risk of breakthrough infection. These findings have implications for future vaccine design and implementation.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Stephanie Rimmer, James Barnacle, Malick M. Gibani, Oshani Dissanayake, Ravi Mehta, Trent Herdman, Mark Gilchrist, David Muir, Umar Ebrahimsa, Borja Mora-Peris, Olamide Dosekun, Lucy Garvey, Joanna Peters, Frances Davies, Graham Cooke, Aula Abbara
Summary: Since May 2022, cases of human monkeypox virus (hMPXV) with human-to-human cross-transmission have increased in nonendemic countries. The study aimed to characterize diagnostic features of patients with confirmed and possible monkeypox and to describe a virtual care model.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Peter I. Johnston, Patrick Bogue, Angeziwa Chunga Chirambo, Maurice Mbewe, Reenesh Prakash, Vanessa Kandoole-Kabwere, Rebecca Lester, Thomas Darton, Stephen Baker, Melita A. Gordon, James E. Meiring
Summary: This study aimed to identify patients who were shedding Salmonella Typhi in stool following a typhoid outbreak by serosurveillance. A typhoid outbreak in a nursing school in Malawi was investigated, and serum samples and stool samples were collected for bacterial culture and PCR testing. The study found that high titres of anti-Vi antibodies did not effectively detect Salmonella Typhi shedding. Additionally, non-typhoidal salmonellae were found in drinking water, indicating poor sanitation.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Robert H. Shaw, Melanie Greenland, Arabella S. V. Stuart, Parvinder K. Aley, Nick J. Andrews, J. Claire Cameron, Sue Charlton, Elizabeth A. Clutterbuck, Andrea M. Collins, Tom Darton, Tanya Dinesh, Christopher J. A. Duncan, Saul N. Faust, Daniela M. Ferreira, Adam Finn, Anna L. Goodman, Christopher A. Green, Bassam Hallis, Paul T. Heath, Helen Hill, Teresa Lambe, Vincenzo Libri, Patrick J. Lillie, Ella Morey, Yama F. Mujadidi, Ruth Payne, Emma L. Plested, Samuel Provstgaard-Morys, Maheshi N. Ramasamy, Mary Ramsay, Robert C. Read, Hannah Robinson, Gavin R. Screaton, Nisha Singh, David P. J. Turner, Paul J. Turner, Rachel White, Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam, Xinxue Liu, Matthew D. Snape
Summary: This report aims to understand the persistence of immune response to different COVID-19 vaccine platforms used in homologous and heterologous priming combinations, which will inform future vaccine development.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter W. Horby, Jonathan R. Emberson, Buddha Basnyat, Mark Campbell, Leon Peto, Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim, Natalie Staplin, Raph L. Hamers, John Amuasi, Jeremy Nel, Evelyne Kestelyn, Manisha Rawal, Roshan Kumar Jha, Nguyen Thanh Phong, Uun Sumardi, Damodar Paudel, Pham Ngoc Thach, Nasronudin Nasronudin, Emma Stratton, Louise Mew, Rahuldeb Sarkar, J. Kenneth Baillie, Maya H. Buch, Jeremy Day, Saul N. Faust, Thomas Jaki, Katie Jeffery, Edmund Juszczak, Marian Knight, Wei Shen Lim, Marion Mafham, Alan Montgomery, Andrew Mumford, Kathryn Rowan, Guy Thwaites, Richard Haynes, Martin J. Landray
Summary: This study evaluated the use of high-dose corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients. The results showed that in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, high-dose corticosteroids increased the risk of death compared to low-dose corticosteroids.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ivan Lee, Catherine A. Cosgrove, Patrick Moore, Claire Bethune, Rhiannon Nally, Marcin Bula, Philip A. Kalra, Rebecca Clark, Paul Dargan, Marta Boffito, Ray Sheridan, Ed Moran, Thomas C. Darton, Fiona Burns, Dinesh Saralaya, Christopher J. A. Duncan, Patrick J. Lillie, Alberto San Francisco Ramos, Eva P. Galiza, Paul Heath, Bethany Girard, Christy Parker, Dondi Rust, Shraddha Mehta, Elizabeth de Windt, Andrea Sutherland, Joanne E. Tomassini, Frank J. Dutko, Spyros Chalkias, Weiping Deng, Xing Chen, Jing Feng, Laree Tracy, Honghong Zhou, Jacqueline M. Miller, Rituparna Das
Summary: The results of this large randomized controlled trial showed that the Omicron BA.1 monovalent and bivalent boosters have superior immunogenicity against the Omicron BA.1 variant compared to the original vaccine, while having comparable immunogenicity against the original strain. Both boosters had similar safety profiles to the original vaccine.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Amber Barton, Jennifer Hill, Daniel O'Connor, Claire Jones, Elizabeth Jones, Susana Camara, Sonu Shrestha, Celina Jin, Malick M. Gibani, Hazel C. Dobinson, Claire Waddington, Thomas C. Darton, Christoph J. Blohmke, Andrew J. Pollard
Summary: Enteric fever, caused by oral infection with typhoidal Salmonella serovars, presents as a non-specific febrile illness preceded by an incubation period of 5 days or more. The enteric fever human challenge model provides a unique opportunity to investigate the innate immune response during this incubation period, and how this response is altered by vaccination with the Vi polysaccharide or conjugate vaccine. We find that on the same day as ingestion of typhoidal Salmonella, there is already evidence of an immune response, with 199 genes upregulated in the peripheral blood transcriptome 12 hours post-challenge (false discovery rate <0.05). Gene sets relating to neutrophils, monocytes, and innate immunity were over-represented (false discovery rate <0.05). Estimating cell proportions from gene expression data suggested a possible increase in activated monocytes 12 hours post-challenge (P = 0.036, paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Furthermore, plasma TNF-α rose following exposure (P = 0.011, paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test). There were no significant differences in gene expression (false discovery rate <0.05) in the 12 hours response between those who did and did not subsequently develop clinical or blood culture confirmed enteric fever or between vaccination groups. Together, these results demonstrate early perturbation of the peripheral blood transcriptome after enteric fever challenge and provide initial insight into early mechanisms of protection.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Alex Bear, Thomas Locke, Sarah Rowland-Jones, Simone Pecetta, Fabio Bagnoli, Thomas C. Darton
Summary: This article discusses the mechanisms of S. aureus infection and the importance of immune evasion, with a focus on the protein SpA. Understanding the mechanisms of immune evasion is crucial for the development of effective vaccines and monoclonal antibodies.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Peter W. Horby, Natalie Staplin, Leon Peto, Jonathan R. Emberson, Mark Campbell, Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim, Buddha Basnyat, Louise Thwaites, Rogier van Doorn, Raph L. Hamers, Jeremy Nel, John Amuasi, Manisha Rawal, Dipansu Ghosh, Jonathan Douse, Fergus Hamilton, Anthony Kerry, Pinky Thu-Ta, John Widdrington, Christopher A. Green, Purav Desai, Richard Stewart, Nguyen Thanh Phong, J. Kenneth Baillie, Maya Buch, Saul N. Faust, Thomas Jaki, Edmund Juszczak, Katie Jeffery, Marian Knight, Wei Shen Lim, Alan Montgomery, Aparna Mukherjee, Andrew Mumford, Kathryn Rowan, Guy Thwaites, Marion Mafham, Richard Haynes, Martin J. Landray
Summary: Empagliflozin is not associated with reduced mortality, hospital stay, or progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death in hospitalized adults with COVID-19.
LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Muhamad Fachrul, Abhilasha M. Karkey, Mila Shakya, Louise Judd, Taylor Harshegyi, Kar Seng Sim, Susan Tonks, Sabina Dongol, Rajendra Shrestha, Agus Salim, Happy Chimphako STRATAA Study Grp, Anup Adhikari, Happy Chimphako C. Banda, Christoph Blohmke, Thomas Darton, Yama Farooq, Maheshwar Ghimire, Jennifer Hill, Nhu Tran Hoang, Tikhala Makhaza Jere, Moses Kamzati, Yu-Han Kao, Clemens Masesa, Maurice Mbewe, Harrison Msuku, Patrick Munthali, Tran Vu Thieu J. Nga, Rose Nkhata, Neil Saad, Trinh Van Tan, Deus Thindwa, Farhana D. Khanam, James Meiring, John E. Clemens, Gordon Dougan, Virginia S. Pitzer, Firdausi A. Qadri, Robert Heyderman, Melita Gordon, Merryn J. Voysey, Stephen Baker, Andrew Pollard, Chiea Chuen Khor, Christiane J. Dolecek, Buddha E. Basnyat, Sarah Dunstan, Kathryn Holt, Michael Inouye
Summary: Researchers developed a computational tool called RGStraP to estimate genetic principal components (RG-PCs) using RNAseq data and examined its use in controlling for population structure in gene expression analyses. They found that RG-PCs had similar results to paired array-based genotypes and could effectively capture subpopulations within the dataset. The inclusion of RG-PCs as covariates in differential gene expression analysis reduced test statistic inflation.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ioannis Baltas, Mark Gilchrist, Eirini Koutoumanou, Malick M. Gibani, James E. Meiring, Akaninyene Otu, David Hettle, Ameeka Thompson, James R. Price, Anna Crepet, Abolaji Atomode, Timothy Crocker-Buque, Dimitrios Spinos, Hudson Guyver, Matija Tausan, Donald Somasunderam, Maxwell Thoburn, Cathleen Chan, Helen Umpleby, Bethany Sharp, Callum Chivers, Devan Suresh Vaghela, Ronak J. Shah, Jonathan Foster, Amy Hume, Christopher Smith, Ammara Asif, Dimitrios Mermerelis, Mohammad Abbas Reza, Dominic A. Haigh, Thomas Lamb, Loucia Karatzia, Alexandra Bramley, Nikhil Kadam, Konstantinos Kavallieros, Veronica Garcia-Arias, Jane Democratis, Claire S. Waddington, Luke S. P. Moore, Alexander M. Aiken
Summary: A new 'subscription-type' funding model for ceftazidime/avibactam and cefiderocol was launched in England. A survey was conducted to explore the views of infection consultants on this delinked antimicrobial funding model. The majority of consultants welcomed the model, believing it will improve treatment of drug-resistant infections and stimulate research and development of new antimicrobials. However, there were disagreements regarding the model's impact on carbapenem use.
JAC-ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Infectious Diseases
Ioannis Baltas, Konstantinos Kavallieros, Ioannis Konstantinou, Malick M. Gibani, Frances Davies, Jiri Pavlu
JAC-ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Henderson Zhu, Irina Chelysheva, Deborah L. Cross, Luke Blackwell, Celina Jin, Malick M. Gibani, Elizabeth Jones, Jennifer Hill, Johannes Truck, Dominic F. Kelly, Christoph J. Blohmke, Andrew J. Pollard, Daniel O'Connor
Summary: This study compares the immune responses and protection effects of two typhoid vaccines, ViPS and ViTT, through the analysis of genomic data. The study reveals distinct molecular features between the two vaccines, mainly related to humoral immune responses. Furthermore, the study identifies molecular correlates of protection against S. Typhi infection. These findings have important implications for future vaccine design and assessment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)