Mpeg1 is not essential for antibacterial or antiviral immunity, but is implicated in antigen presentation

To control infections phagocytes can directly kill invading microbes. Macrophage-expressed gene 1 (Mpeg1), a pore-forming protein sometimes known as perforin-2, is reported to be essential for bacterial killing following phagocytosis. Mice homozygous for the mutant allele Mpeg1(tm1Pod) succumb to bacterial infection and exhibit deficiencies in bacterial killing in vitro. Here we describe a new Mpeg mutant allele Mpeg1(tm1.1Pib) on the C57BL/6J background. Mice homozygous for the new allele are not abnormally susceptible to bacterial or viral infection, and irrespective of genetic background show no perturbation in bacterial killing in vitro. Potential reasons for these conflicting findings are discussed. In further work, we show that cytokine responses to inflammatory mediators, as well as antibody generation, are also normal in Mpeg1(tm1.1Pib/tm1.1Pib) mice. We also show that Mpeg1 is localized to a CD68-positive endolysosomal compartment, and that it exists predominantly as a processed, two-chain disulfide-linked molecule. It is abundant in conventional dendritic cells 1, and mice lacking Mpeg1 do not present the model antigen ovalbumin efficiently. We conclude that Mpeg1 is not essential for innate antibacterial protection or antiviral immunity, but may play a focused role early in the adaptive immune response.

Automated summary

This study found that Mpeg1 is not essential for innate antibacterial protection or antiviral immunity, and does not affect bacterial killing in vitro. Further research is needed to determine the reasons for these contrasting findings. Additionally, the study discovered that Mpeg1 is localized to a specific endolysosomal compartment and has no impact on cytokine responses and antibody generation.