Journal
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
Volume 57, Issue 6, Pages 1800-1811Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2022.3151106
Keywords
Resistors; Impedance; Choppers (circuits); Voltage; Clocks; Instruments; Transistors; Capacitively coupled chopper instrumentation amplifier (CCIA); input impedance boosting; low noise; low power; ripple reduction (RR)
Categories
Funding
- Caruth Foundation
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest
- SMU Lyle School of Engineering
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Capacitively coupled chopper instrumentation amplifier (CCIA) is a classical topology for designing low-noise, low-power instrumentation amplifiers. This article introduces a newly proposed chopping ripple reduction technique and a method to improve the input impedance of CCIA. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of these approaches.
Capacitively coupled chopper instrumentation amplifier (CCIA) is a classical topology for designing low-noise, low-power instrumentation amplifiers (IAs). However, CCIA has two significant limitations: chopping ripple and limited input impedance. Especially for ultra-low-noise applications, the chopping ripple of CCIA can easily saturate the amplifier. Hence, ripple reduction (RR) is required in the CCIA design. This article presents a CCIA with a newly proposed chopping RR technique, dynamic offset zeroing (DOZ). By introducing an ultra-low duty cycle zeroing phase in the normal chopping operation, the proposed DOZ technique can suppress the chopping ripple with a measured state-of-the-art reduction ratio of 61 dB while introducing negligible noise, power, and circuit overhead. In addition, a highly linear three-terminal varactor is proposed in a positive feedback loop (PFL) to boost the limited input impedance of the CCIA to be above 1 G omega. The presented CCIA is implemented in a 180-nm CMOS technology and achieves a 13-nV/root Hz input-referred noise density and a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 1.3 while consuming 4.5-mu W power.
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