Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Krystal M. Kirby, Sreekrishna Pillai, Robert M. Brouillette, Jeffrey N. Keller, Alyssa N. De Vito, John P. Bernstein, Arend W. A. Van Gemmert, Owen T. Carmichael
Summary: This study found that brain functioning, motor task, and cognitive task performance in challenging dual-task conditions all contribute to the risk of falling among older adults. Multiple factors are involved in determining fall characteristics.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Brent R. Collett, Erin R. Wallace, Cindy Ola, Deborah Kartin, Michael L. Cunningham, Matthew L. Speltz
Summary: Infant motor skills play a mediating role in the association between PPB and cognition in school-aged children, accounting for approximately 33% of the cognitive score difference. The study highlights the importance of early motor skills for overall development.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Rebekah Harris, Elsa S. Strotmeyer, Leena Sharma, C. Kent Kwoh, Jennifer S. Brach, Robert Boudreau, Jane A. Cauley
Summary: This study examined how the severity of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) affects recurrent falls in middle-aged and older individuals. The results showed that older adults with radiographic evidence of KOA had a higher likelihood of experiencing recurrent falls compared to those without KOA, regardless of established risk factors. On the other hand, middle-aged adults with KOA did not have an increased odds of recurrent falls, except for those with possible KOA.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Marte Stine Einstad, Ingvild Saltvedt, Stian Lydersen, Marie H. Ursin, Ragnhild Munthe-Kaas, Hege Ihle-Hansen, Anne-Brita Knapskog, Torunn Askim, Mona K. Beyer, Halvor Naess, Yngve M. Seljeseth, Hanne Ellekjaer, Pernille Thingstad
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of concurrent motor and cognitive impairments 3 months after stroke. Results showed that 30-40% of participants had motor or cognitive impairments, while 20% had both impairments simultaneously. Motor performance was found to be associated with memory, executive function, and global cognition.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rong Zhou, Jiayu Li, Meiling Chen
Summary: This study used representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to examine the longitudinal association between cognitive impairment and subsequent falls in older adults. The results showed a significant association between cognitive impairment and falls, with different cognitive domains showing varying levels of association. These findings have implications for the identification and intervention of fall risk in specific high-risk groups.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ester Cerin, Anthony Barnett, Jonathan E. Shaw, Erika Martino, Luke D. Knibbs, Rachel Tham, Amanda J. Wheeler, Kaarin J. Anstey
Summary: This study examines the impacts of urban environment features and air pollution on cognitive function in older adults using data from a national sample in Australia. The results show that interrelated built and natural environment features, as well as ambient air pollution, are directly and indirectly related to cognitive function, mediated by cardiometabolic risk factors. The findings suggest that dense, interconnected urban environments with access to parks, blue spaces, and low levels of air pollution may have positive effects on cognitive health through cardiometabolic risk factors.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lucia Iglesias-Vazquez, Anne-Claire Binter, Josefa Canals, Carmen Hernandez-Martinez, Nuria Voltas, Albert Ambros, Silvia Fernandez-Barres, Laura Perez-Crespo, Monica Guxens, Victoria Arjia
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to air pollution on a child's cognitive, language, and motor functions. The results showed that all assessed air pollutants, except PM2.5 absorbance, were associated with lower motor function in children, while no association was observed between prenatal exposure to air pollution and cognitive and language functions.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Juan Luis Sanchez-Sanchez, Cristina Udina, Almudena Medina-Rincon, Mariano Esbri-Victor, Irene Bartolome-Martin, Debora Moral-Cuesta, Itxaso Marin-Epelde, Fernanda Ramon-Espinoza, Marina Sanchez-Latorre, Fernando Idoate, Adriana Goni-Sarries, Blanca Martinez-Martinez, Raquel Escudero Bonet, Julian Librero, Alvaro Casas-Herrero
Summary: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of an individualized exercise program and executive function-based cognitive training in preventing falls and fall-related outcomes in frail older adults. The study will recruit 320 older adults with a high risk of falling and compare the intervention group and control group in terms of falls incidence, physical and cognitive function, quality of life, etc.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Andrea R. Zammit, Lei Yu, Aron S. Buchman, Brittney S. Lange-Maia, David A. Bennett, Francine Grodstein
Summary: Many studies indicate a relationship between smaller life space and worse cognitive and motor function. This prospective study found that better cognitive and motor function were associated with lower odds of life space constriction.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sarah Huberty, Gregor Freystatter, Maud Wieczorek, Bess Dawson-Hughes, John A. Kanis, Rene Rizzoli, Reto W. Kressig, Bruno Vellas, Jose A. P. Da Silva, Gabriele Armbrecht, Robert Theiler, Andreas Egli, Endel J. Orav, Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari
Summary: This study investigated the association between the baseline number of chronic diseases and multimorbidity, and the incidence of all and injurious falls over 3 years among European community-dwelling older adults. The results showed that both the presence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity were associated with an increased incidence of falls, even in generally healthy and active older adults.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anne-Claire Binter, Jonathan Y. Bernard, Mark Mon-Williams, Ainara Andiarena, Llucia Gonzalez-Safont, Marina Vafeiadi, Johanna Lepeule, Raquel Soler-Blasco, Lucia Alonso, Mariza Kampouri, Rosie Mceachan, Loreto Santa-Marina, John Wright, Leda Chatzi, Jordi Sunyer, Claire Philippat, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Martine Vrijheid, Monica Guxens
Summary: The study found that exposure to green spaces in urban areas was associated with higher verbal abilities in children, while air pollution may have a negative impact on fine motor function in children. The built environment, green spaces, and air pollution may have some influence on cognitive and motor function in children at five years old.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kai Hu, Qingqing He
Summary: This study found that long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment. Through a prospective cohort study of Chinese older adults, it was found that higher PM2.5 concentrations were associated with worse cognitive function, especially during longer exposure periods. The study also revealed that longer durations of PM2.5 exposure were linked to lower cognitive scores, particularly at higher cut-off points.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiming Zhang, Zeyu Li, Yiming Dai, Jianqiu Guo, Xiaojuan Qi, Ping Liu, Shenliang Lv, Dasheng Lu, Weijiu Liang, Xiuli Chang, Yang Cao, Chunhua Wu, Zhijun Zhou
Summary: Maternal urinary para-nitrophenol (PNP) concentrations during late pregnancy were found to be associated with cognitive and motor function of their 2-year-old children in a sex-specific manner, with boys being more significantly affected. The study provides epidemiological evidence on the potential effects of prenatal exposure to ethyl parathion (EP) and methyl para-thion (MP) on children's development.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Danielle Berkovic, Andrew M. Briggs, Darshini Ayton, Catriona Parker, Ilana Ackerman
Summary: The study identified that arthritis is associated with difficulties in work outcomes for younger to middle-aged adults, including decreased work productivity, reduced work participation, and increased work-related barriers. However, there are also factors that can help improve work participation for this population group. These findings emphasize the challenges and needs of younger to middle-aged adults with arthritis in the workplace.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
JongSun Ok, Hyeongsu Kim, Kyonghwa Kang
Summary: This study compared the physical, occupational, and sociocognitive characteristics of corporate and private taxi drivers, finding that corporate taxi drivers had worse general physical health status, higher working intensity, and a higher incidence rate of traffic accidents.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Fumiya Yoneyama, Hideyuki Kato, Muneaki Matsubara, Bryan J. Mathis, Yukihiro Yoshimura, Masakazu Abe, Fuminaga Suetsugu, Kazushi Maruo, Yasuyuki Suzuki, Yuji Hiramatsu
Summary: The use of continuous suturing technique for the closure of outlet-type VSD in ToF can reduce the incidence of postoperative right bundle branch block, shorten the PQ interval, and lower heart rate.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIO-THORACIC SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Meghan Ambrens, Melinda Stanners, Trinidad Valenzuela, Husna Razee, Jessica Chow, Kimberley S. van Schooten, Jaqueline C. T. Close, Lindy Clemson, G. A. Rixt Zijlstra, Stephen R. Lord, Anne Tiedemann, Stephanie J. Alley, Corneel Vandelanotte, Kim Delbaere
Summary: This study found that using digital technologies to deliver a fall prevention program is an effective and enjoyable method. Older adults are interested in learning how to engage successfully with novel technologies, although their experiences may vary. Despite some challenges, most participants were able to overcome difficulties and learn new skills. Understanding older adults' experiences with technology-driven methods is crucial for promoting and sustaining fall prevention programs.
JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PHYSICAL THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Yoshiro Ito, Eiichi Ishikawa, Masayuki Sato, Aiki Marushima, Mikito Hayakawa, Kazushi Maruo, Tomoji Takigawa, Noriyuki Kato, Wataro Tsuruta, Kazuya Uemura, Yuji Matsumaru
Summary: This study investigated the clinical outcomes of carotid artery stenting (CAS) performed at institutions that selected the treatment strategy based on risk factors and those that performed CAS as the first-line treatment. The results showed that the CAS-specific treatment strategies can achieve the same level of outcomes as the treatment strategy based on risk factors.
JOURNAL OF ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yusuke Yamaguchi, Toshifumi Sugitani, Satoshi Yoshida, Kazushi Maruo
Summary: In dose-finding trials, we propose a method that combines multiple comparison procedures-modeling and individual dose-placebo comparisons in order to accelerate the drug development process while ensuring statistical power. The closed MCP-Mod and the serial gatekeeping procedures have similar statistical power and both methods aim to pursue efficacy results rather than just establishing dose-response signals.
PHARMACEUTICAL STATISTICS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Lewis A. Ingram, Annie A. Butler, Stephen R. Lord, Simon C. Gandevia
Summary: Profiling performance in the physiological domains underpinning upper limb function provides insight into an individual's specific impairments. A battery of tests were used to create a core upper limb physiological profile assessment (PPA). Individual performance in each test can be compared to a reference population score, and a composite score provides an overview of overall upper limb function.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Thanwarat Chantanachai, Daina L. Sturnieks, Stephen R. Lord, Jasmine Menant, Kim Delbaere, Perminder S. Sachdev, Henry Brodaty, Peter Humburg, Morag E. Taylor
Summary: This study examined longitudinal changes in cognitive and physical function, as well as the associations between these changes and falls in people with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The results showed that the MCI and cognitively fluctuating groups experienced declines in cognitive function, while the cognitively normal group did not. The MCI group had worse physical function at baseline but similar decline over time compared to other groups. Decline in global cognitive function and sensorimotor performance were associated with multiple falls in the cognitively normal group, and decline in mobility was associated with falls in the entire sample. Therefore, exercise should be recommended for maintaining physical function in older adults, and interventions aimed at mitigating cognitive decline should be encouraged for people with MCI.
INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yusuke Yamaguchi, Kentaro Takeda, Satoshi Yoshida, Kazushi Maruo
Summary: With the development of molecular targeted agents and immunotherapies in cancer treatment, the concept of optimal biological dose (OBD) has been introduced to phase I oncology clinical trials. Dose-escalation rules based on both toxicity and efficacy are used to establish the OBD, but the best approach for selecting the OBD is still uncertain. In this study, a simulation was conducted to evaluate different OBD selection approaches and their operating characteristics.
JOURNAL OF BIOPHARMACEUTICAL STATISTICS
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Masahiko Gosho, Tomohiro Ohigashi, Kengo Nagashima, Yuri Ito, Kazushi Maruo
Summary: Logistic regression models can lead to bias in sparse data, but Bayesian methods can reduce the bias and are suitable for sparse data analysis. Simulation and real data analysis show that the hyper-g prior modeling and log F-type priors can reduce the bias, but the choice of method depends on the null and alternative hypotheses.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Masahiko Gosho, Tomohiro Ohigashi, Kengo Nagashima, Yuri Ito, Kazushi Maruo
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Y. Osuka, Y. Okubo, Y. Nofuji, K. Maruo, Y. Fujiwara, H. Oka, S. Shinkai, S. R. Lord, H. Sasai
Summary: A valid and reliable Occupational Fall Risk Assessment Tool (OFRAT) was developed to assess the risk of occupational falls in older workers.
OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Masahiko Gosho, Ryota Ishii, Hisashi Noma, Kazushi Maruo
Summary: Using GEE can lead to biased regression coefficients for small samples or sparse data. BCGEE and PGEE were proposed as solutions to correct the bias in small samples. Modified covariance estimators have also been proposed to address the bias in standard error. This study reviewed the performance of modified GEEs and covariance estimators in sparse binary data from small-sample longitudinal studies.
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hideaki Ishii, Yoshiro Okubo, Takehiko Doi, Kota Tsutsumimoto, Sho Nakakubo, Satoshi Kurita, Kazuki Uemura, Shogo Misu, Ryuichi Sawa, Yu Hashiguchi, Hiroyuki Shimada, Hidenori Arai
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis provides the first synthesized evidence demonstrating the efficacy of driving interventions in improving driving skills and reducing motor vehicle crashes among older adult drivers aged 65 years and over. Moreover, the subgroup analysis of intervention type indicates that on-road training is more efficacious than off-road training. Regarding intervention dosage, our findings imply that driving interventions of at least 3 h taking place in 3 sessions over a period of 3 weeks may be required to improve older adults' driving skills.
GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Paulo H. S. Pelicioni, Lloyd L. Y. Chan, Shuotong Shi, Lauren Kark, Yoshiro Okubo, Matthew A. Brodie
Summary: This study found that texting with a mobile phone while walking can negatively impact gait stability and balance recovery in young adults, increasing the risk of accidental falls. Consequently, educational and technological interventions should be implemented to discourage pedestrians from texting while walking in hazardous environments.
Article
Orthopedics
Taeko Fukuda, Shinobu Imai, Kazushi Maruo, Hiromasa Horiguchi
Summary: A prediction model for low functional status following colorectal cancer surgery was developed, and the relationship between low functional status and outcomes was investigated. The study found that low-ADL patients had lower rates of discharge to homes, longer hospital stays, and higher medical costs. Therefore, pre-operative prediction of low ADL status is important for taking efficient preventive measures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY OPEN
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Paulo H. S. Pelicioni, Stephen R. Lord, Jasmine C. Menant, Carly Chaplin, Collen Canning, Matthew A. Brodie, Daina L. Sturnieks, Yoshiro Okubo
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of laboratory-based reactive step training combined with home-based volitional step training in improving balance recovery and stepping ability in people with Parkinson's disease. The results showed that the combined training improved balance recovery, voluntary stepping time, and stepping accuracy in cognitively challenging tests in Parkinson's disease patients.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2023)