Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qiuying Wang, Jiaqi Wang, Tonghui Zhu, Xiaomei Zhu, Bing Sun
Summary: This paper demonstrates the use of liquid-phase microwave discharge plasma for methane reforming to produce hydrogen, achieving a methane conversion rate of 94.3% and a hydrogen concentration of 74.0%. By optimizing the electrode structure, higher hydrogen yield and energy efficiency were obtained, with the highest energy efficiency of hydrogen production reaching approximately 0.92 mmol/kJ.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Abhinav Bajpai, Shweta Mehta, Kavita Joshi, Sushant Kumar
Summary: Steam methane reforming was conducted in a dielectric barrier plasma reactor, and a systematic study was carried out to investigate the effects of input power, flow rate, and water on the conversion, yield, and selectivity of the reaction using specially designed catalysts. The production rate and selectivity of H2, CO, and C2 hydrocarbons were monitored. CeO2 was used as the packing material mixed with oxides of manganese or copper. The optimum Cu/CeO2 catalyst exhibited a production rate of 248.7 mmolg-1h-1 for H2 and 11.25 mmolg-1h-1 for CO at a specific energy input of 19.8 JL-1. DFT calculations showed a significant change in the electronic structure of CeO2 after the inclusion of oxides of manganese and copper, enhancing the interaction with methane. Based on these findings, a plausible mechanism was elucidated for the design of catalysts for other applications in a non-thermal plasma atmosphere.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Asif Hussain Khoja, Arslan Mazhar, Faisal Saleem, Muhammad Taqi Mehran, Salman Raza Naqvi, Mustafa Anwar, Sehar Shakir, Nor Aishah Saidina Amin, Muhammad Bilal Sajid
Summary: Catalysts play a significant role in gas processing applications, but synthesizing high-quality catalysts remains a challenge. Non thermal plasma techniques are of great interest for controlling the physicochemical properties of the catalyst.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Danhua Mei, Peng Zhang, Gehui Duan, Shiyun Liu, Ying Zhou, Zhi Fang, Xin Tu
Summary: The reforming of CH4 with CO2 using nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma shows promising results in enhancing gas conversion, but at the expense of energy efficiency. Increasing applied voltage and discharge length can enhance gas conversion, but decrease energy efficiency.
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Y. Uytdenhouwen, K. M. Bal, E. C. Neyts, V. Meynen, P. Cool, A. Bogaerts
Summary: Plasma reactors are being studied for gas-based chemical conversion, with a focus on the relationship between plasma chemistry and conditions. Experiments show differences in kinetic characteristics and partial chemical equilibrium states between CO2 dissociation and CH4 reforming reactions, and how these are influenced by combining both gases in the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction. The addition of a packing material can also impact the conversion rate and equilibrium position, depending on the gas composition.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bogdan Ulejczyk, Lukasz Nogal, Michal Mlotek, Krzysztof Krawczyk
Summary: Ethanol steam reforming is a potential source of green hydrogen, but the process is complex and catalyst deactivation due to coke deposition is a common problem. In this study, a plasma reactor was used to mitigate the coke-induced disturbance. The research focused on the influence of steam, and the optimal water/ethanol molar ratio was found to be 4. At this ratio, the energy efficiency reached 22.5 mol(H-2)/kWh with a high ethanol conversion of 92%.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jing-Lin Liu, Tong Hui Zhu, Bing Sun
Summary: A novel kinetic model was developed to understand the chemical nature of fuel reforming in liquid phase discharge. The model was verified by experimental results for ethanol reforming in microwave discharge plasma in liquid. The key reactive species in the liquid phase discharge were identified, and the rate determining steps for ethanol conversion were revealed. The kinetic control mechanism for ethanol reforming in liquid phase discharge was determined, and the energy transfer pathway for discharge power to chemical energy was simulated. A competitive energy efficiency of -85% for ethanol reforming was achieved in the liquid phase discharge.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Junqiang Xu, Yalin Liu, Huan Tian, Qiang Zhang, Wuyi Cao, Kaipeng Chen, Fang Guo
Summary: This study developed a catalyst with excellent performance by combining P123 addition and RF plasma treatment, which effectively improved the coke resistance of the catalyst and the stability of CH4/CO2 reforming.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Baowei Wang, Shize Liu, Yeping Peng, Chengyu Wang, Jijun Zou
Summary: Dry reforming (DR) and the coupling of DR with partial oxidation reforming (POR) of n-heptane were investigated in a gliding arc discharge (GAD) plasma reactor. The effects of input power, oxygen to carbon ratio, and residence time on the DR process were evaluated, with the highest CO2 conversion rate reaching 42.6%. Optical emission spectra of n-heptane DR and DR coupled with POR were analyzed to detect different reactive species.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jinxin Wang, Kaimin Zhang, Annemie Bogaerts, Vera Meynen
Summary: The effect of pore size on plasma catalysis is still unknown. In this study, 3D porous Cu and CuO with different pore sizes were prepared and compared in plasma-catalytic dry reforming. It was found that smaller pores led to higher conversion rates of CH4 and CO2, which provides valuable references for future research on plasma catalysts.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiayu Feng, Xin Sun, Zhao Li, Xingguang Hao, Maohong Fan, Ping Ning, Kai Li
Summary: This paper reviews the significant progress in plasma-assisted reforming of methane (PARM) from the perspectives of reactor development, thermal and nonthermal PARM routes, and catalysis. The factors affecting the conversion of reactants and the selectivity of products are studied. The findings and insights from this work should benefit the further development of reactors, high-performance catalysts, and PARM routes.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Guoqiang Cao, Yue Xiao, Wei-Min Huang, Chien-Hua Chen, Jonas Baltrusaitis
Summary: This study investigates the production of hydrogen (H2) through ethanol steam reforming (ESR) in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor. A response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of discharge power, total flow rate, and ethanol-to-water (EtOH/H2O) molar ratio on the plasma-assisted ESR reaction. The results showed that the EtOH/H2O molar ratio had the most significant effect on EtOH conversion and H2 selectivity, while the total flow rate determined the specific energy requirement (SER) for H2 production. Process optimization resulted in the identification of the optimal conditions for the ESR reaction.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tonghui Zhu, Jinglin Liu, Qiuying Wang, Xiaomei Zhu, Bing Sun
Summary: This study investigates the improved hydrogen production efficiency by microwave liquid-phase discharge plasma reforming of methanol solution without catalyst. Ethanol solution was added as an accelerator for plasma reforming hydrogen production. The features of radicals and gas-phase products generated by discharge in different mixed solutions were studied. Adding a small amount of ethanol to methanol solution could promote the production of hydrogen by microwave liquid-phase discharge plasma reforming of alcohols. The maximum flow rate of total gas was 30.8 NL/min, which was 11.6% higher than discharge in S1:1.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Danhua Mei, Peng Zhang, Shiyun Liu, Liang Ding, Yichen Ma, Renwu Zhou, Haochi Gu, Zhi Fang, Patrick J. Cullen, Xin Tu
Summary: The composition of gases has a significant impact on the key performance of plasma tar reforming process. The presence of oxidative gases can enhance the reactivity of plasma environment and create new reaction pathways. Optimal content of CO2, H2O, and O-2 can balance the conversion of toluene, syngas yield, and energy efficiency in plasma reforming.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shize Liu, Baowei Wang, Yi Cheng, Chengyu Wang, Jijun Zou
Summary: This study investigated the ethanol plasma partial oxidative reforming process in a gliding arc discharge (GAD) plasma reactor through experiments and modeling. The effects of oxygen to ethanol molar ratio, flux, and input power on the yields of main products were evaluated. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) detected excited-state species, and a 0-D model was established to describe the pathways of reforming processes.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
M. Krakowski, K. Kurek, L. Nogal
Summary: Hardware-in-the-loop simulations are considered as an advanced method for power system protection testing, although their availability is limited due to cost and size constraints. The growth of Matlab/Simulink tools and IEC61850 open source libraries has enabled the design of proprietary real-time simulators that are comparable to commercial solutions. Two simulator designs based on DAQ cards and IEC61850 services were compared for real-time performance, showing sufficient capability for successful testing of protection relays. The presented designs could significantly support verification of new protection algorithms due to their high availability and compact size.
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lukasz Nogal, Andrzej Magdziarz, Desire Dauphin Rasolomampionona, Piotr Lukaszewski, Lukasz Sapula, Radoslaw Szreder
Summary: Thermal analysis is crucial in electric motor design to optimize performance and prevent failures. Experimental results suggest that classic single-exponential models may not accurately capture the dynamically changing thermal processes in electric motors, especially during intermittent operation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Joanna Woroszyl-Wojno, Michal Mlotek, Michalina Perron, Pawel Jozwik, Bogdan Ulejczyk, Krzysztof Krawczyk
Summary: The study focused on processing tar substances using toluene as a model substance, testing the effect of discharge power and carrier gas composition on toluene conversion. By conducting the process in a plasma-catalytic system with a new Ni3Al honeycomb system, high toluene conversion rates were achieved.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bogdan Ulejczyk, Lukasz Nogal, Pawel Jozwik, Michal Mlotek, Krzysztof Krawczyk
Summary: In the present study, hydrogen production process was conducted in a plasma-catalytic reactor, with substrates treated by plasma and introduced into the catalyst bed. The highest hydrogen production was 1.38 mol/h, and increasing discharge power resulted in higher methanol conversion and hydrogen production. The synergy effect between plasma and catalyst was observed, leading to efficient hydrogen production.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bogdan Ulejczyk, Pawel Jozwik, Lukasz Nogal, Michal Mlotek, Krzysztof Krawczyk
Summary: This study investigates highly efficient hydrogen production from ethanol in a plasma-catalytic reactor. The results demonstrate that the hydrogen production is influenced by the discharge power and catalyst bed temperature. Increasing the power can enhance the hydrogen yield, while further increasing the power does not lead to further improvement. The catalyst exhibits increased activity at higher temperatures, and it efficiently converts ethanol to CO2 instead of CO, resulting in a high hydrogen yield.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Artur Lukaszewski, Lukasz Nogal, Marcin Januszewski
Summary: This article introduces a new modified version of a restoration algorithm based on graph theory, aimed at achieving self-healing of power systems and specifically adapted for power grids with multiple sources.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bogdan Ulejczyk, Pawel Jozwik, Michal Mlotek, Krzysztof Krawczyk
Summary: A metal cobalt catalyst was synthesized and tested for its activity in the hydrogen production process. Under the most favorable conditions, the catalyst exhibited high activity and low coke production.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Piotr Lukaszewski, Lukasz Nogal, Artur Lukaszewski
Summary: This paper presents a real-time algorithm for the identification of travelling waves in a distribution grid using voltage signal and the short-time matrix pencil method, solving the problem of fault wave localization in medium voltage grids.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Joanna Woroszyl-Wojno, Michal Mlotek, Bogdan Ulejczyk, Krzysztof Krawczyk
Summary: The decomposition of toluene as a tar imitator in a gas composition similar to the gas after biomass pyrolysis was studied in a plasma-catalytic system. Nickel catalysts, particularly NiO/(CaO-Al2O3), were effective in achieving high conversion rates up to 85% of C7H8 with a stable calorific value.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Bogdan Ulejczyk, Lukasz Nogal, Michal Mlotek, Krzysztof Krawczyk
Summary: Efficient production of hydrogen from a mixture of methanol and water is possible through spark discharge, where the interaction of high-energy electrons and high temperature plays a synergistic role in facilitating the endothermic process. The study demonstrates a favorable yield of hydrogen conversion under specific conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bogdan Ulejczyk, Lukasz Nogal, Michal Mlotek, Krzysztof Krawczyk
Summary: Ethanol steam reforming is a potential source of green hydrogen, but the process is complex and catalyst deactivation due to coke deposition is a common problem. In this study, a plasma reactor was used to mitigate the coke-induced disturbance. The research focused on the influence of steam, and the optimal water/ethanol molar ratio was found to be 4. At this ratio, the energy efficiency reached 22.5 mol(H-2)/kWh with a high ethanol conversion of 92%.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Artur Lukaszewski, Lukasz Nogal
Summary: This study discusses the importance of grounding in lightning and shock protection, as well as the use of mathematical models to evaluate the impact of current peak value on grounding parameters. The research shows that as soil resistivity increases, the surge impedance to static resistance ratio decreases, and it is necessary to consider using effective grounding electrode length to improve grounding characteristics.
BULLETIN OF THE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES-TECHNICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
