Journal
JOGNN-JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGIC AND NEONATAL NURSING
Volume 45, Issue 5, Pages 639-648Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2016.04.009
Keywords
human milk; immunity; preterm infants
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R21NR013094]
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Objective: To describe difference in cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors (CCGFs) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the breast milk of mothers who gave birth preterm and maternal or infant characteristics related to these immune components. Design: A prospective, repeated-measures, one-group design. Setting: Data were collected at an 82-bed NICU in West Central Florida. Participants: Seventy-six very-low-birth-weight infants weighing less than 1,500 g and their mothers. Methods: Daily aliquots of breast milk from mothers of preterm infants were collected from the daily infants' feedings and pooled at the end of each week, and CCGFs and sIgA were measured weekly with MagPix multiplexing (Luminex, Austin, TX) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The CCGFs showed high individual variability, but the levels of most CCGFs and sIgA fell over time. Immune variables were generally greater in milk from mothers of infants smaller than 1,000 g. The breast milk of mothers of male preterm infants had significantly greater sIgA than the breast milk of mothers of female preterm infants. We found relationships between age, body mass index, parity, sIgA, and some of the CCGFs in the breast milk of women who gave birth preterm. Conclusion: Immune molecules declined in concentration over time in the breast milk of mothers who give birth preterm during the NICU stay, and maternal and infant factors appeared to play some role in the levels of these immune molecules. Further exploration of this relationship is warranted.
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