Diabetic ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a form of a hyperglycemic emergency mainly characterized by the triad of hyperglycemia, ketosis, and anion gap metabolic acidosis. DKA may be the initial presentation in approximately 25-40 % of patients with type 1 diabetes. It may also occur in at least 34% of patients with type 2 diabetes. DKA has economic as well as med-ical implications. This review aims to explore and discuss diabetic ketoacidosis, its patho-physiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management, including nuances in special populations such as pediatrics, obstetrics, and patients with chronic kidney disease.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a hyperglycemic emergency characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and anion gap metabolic acidosis. It can be the initial presentation in 25-40% of type 1 diabetes patients and can also occur in at least 34% of type 2 diabetes patients. DKA has both economic and medical implications. This review aims to discuss the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of DKA, including specific considerations in special populations.