Inflammation, immunity, and antigen persistence in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection

SARS-CoV-2 infection is known to result in a range of symptoms with varying degrees of acute-phase severity. In a subset of individuals, an equally diverse collection of long-term sequelae has been reported after convalescence. As survivorship and therefore the number of individuals with 'long-COVID' continues to grow, an understanding of the prevalence, origins, and mechanisms of post-acute sequelae manifestation is critically needed. Here, we will explore proposed roles of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response in the onset, severity, and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 post-acute sequelae. We discuss the potential roles of persistent virus and autoantigens in this syndrome, as well as the contributions of unresolved inflammation and tissue injury. Furthermore, we highlight recent evidence demonstrating the potential benefits of vaccination and immunity in the resolution of post-acute symptoms.

Automated summary

This article explores the role of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response in the onset, severity, and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 post-acute sequelae. It discusses the potential contributions of persistent virus and autoantigens, as well as unresolved inflammation and tissue injury in this syndrome. Furthermore, it highlights recent evidence demonstrating the potential benefits of vaccination and immunity in resolving post-acute symptoms.