Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Victor Cheron, Fabien Evrard, Berend van Wachem
Summary: A novel smooth immersed boundary method (IBM) based on a direct-forcing formulation is proposed for simulating incompressible dense particle-laden flows. This method uses a regularization technique to ensure the no-slip condition at particle surfaces by discretizing the transfer function between Eulerian grid points and Lagrangian markers. The approach, called hybrid IBM (HyBM), achieves more accurate results compared to classical IBM framework, especially at coarser mesh resolutions when particle surfaces or domain walls are close to Lagrangian markers.
COMPUTERS & FLUIDS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Yibo Fang, Lin Du, Chen He, Dakun Sun, Lijun Yang, Qingfei Fu, Xiaofeng Sun
Summary: A numerical framework based on the immersed boundary method is developed for global stability analysis of flow systems with complex geometry. The method is tested on two standard cases and applied to the stability analysis of a complex flow system with multiple objects, demonstrating its effectiveness.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Zihao Cheng, Anthony Wachs
Summary: We propose an immersed boundary/multi-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method for particle-resolved simulation of particle-laden flows. The method handles the no-slip boundary condition using an explicit feedback immersed boundary method and employs a smoothed discrete delta function and a multi-relaxation time collision operator for improved stability and accuracy. The method is extended to adaptive quadtree/octree grids and implemented in the open-source software Basilisk, achieving high computational efficiency and accuracy in a variety of validation cases.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Hongyou Liu, Xibo He, Xiaojing Zheng
Summary: Particle effects on amplitude modulation were studied in this research using long-term observational data of aeolian sandstorms in high-Reynolds-number near-neutral atmospheric surface layers. The study found a significant modulation effect that exists for some specific motions in addition to the positive top-down modulation behavior. The highest energetic turbulent motions exhibit the strongest modulation effect, and the modulation signals do not change with the small-scale motions being modulated. The addition of particles changes the distribution of energy between multi-scale turbulent motions.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Xiaojing Zheng, Guohua Wang, Wei Zhu
Summary: This study investigates the influence of the interaction between heavy particles (high Stokes number) and the wall on two-phase flows and large-scale turbulent structures. Experimental results confirm that the P-W process significantly affects the size and strength of VLSM.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Sajjad Karimnejad, Amin Amiri Delouei, Fuli He
Summary: This paper numerically investigates the effect of pulsating flow on the settling dynamics of rigid circular particles. The results show that pulsation can alter the processes of drafting, kissing, and tumbling (DKT), and the findings are useful for solving engineering problems like filtration and particle sorting.
MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Hongyou Liu, Yuen Feng, Xiaojing Zheng
Summary: This study conducted experiments on particle-free and particle-laden flows in a horizontal wind tunnel to investigate the effects of collision bounces and impact splashing on turbulence statistics. The findings reveal the importance of particle motions to turbulence and provide further insight into the interactions between particles and turbulence in two-phase flows with erodible surfaces.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Hang Yu, Carlos Pantano
Summary: This paper introduces a new immersed boundary method for simulating compressible viscous flow, which adds surface singularities to the governing equations. Generalizing from the well-known no-slip and isothermal condition to stress and heat flux conditions, as well as extending to porous surfaces, the method is applicable to flow-structure interaction problems.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Zhisong Ou, Cheng Chi, Liejin Guo, Dominique Thevenin
Summary: This paper presents a directional ghost-cell immersed boundary method for low Mach number reacting flows with general boundary conditions. The method utilizes locally directional schemes for ghost value reconstruction and allows for easy implementation of complex boundary conditions. By using Taylor series approximation, the method implicitly involves the boundary variable and its gradient governed by arbitrary boundary conditions, leading to reliable polynomial extrapolation for the ghost values. The proposed method has been tested with different boundary conditions and exhibits nearly second-order convergence. It can be extended to simulate reactive particle-laden flows with multiple objects.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Guo Chen, Haiou Wang, Kun Luo, Jianren Fan
Summary: In this study, turbulent particle-laden boundary layer combustion over a flat plate is investigated using direct numerical simulation. The effects of particle properties and chemical reactions on particle-wall interactions and turbulence modulation are explored. The study reveals the dominance of particle heat transfer over wall heat transfer in certain conditions, observation of particle accumulation due to turbophoresis effect, and the modulation of flow topologies and Reynolds stress anisotropy by combustion and particles.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Sambit Majumder, Arnab Ghosh, Dipankar Narayan Basu, Ganesh Natarajan
Summary: In this study, we investigate the accuracy and robustness of our in-house OpenMP parallelized direct-forcing immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann (DF-IB-LB) solver. We find that the solver exhibits first and second-order spatial accuracy for velocity and pressure errors, respectively, for generic moving boundary problems. The method is Galilean invariant, and errors in discrete conservation and spurious force oscillations decay linearly and superlinearly, respectively, with grid refinement.
COMPUTATIONAL PARTICLE MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Xibo He, Hongyou Liu
Summary: The spatial relationship between turbulent and particle concentration structures is investigated based on the turbulent velocity and particle concentration data obtained synchronously at the Qingtu Lake Observation Array site. The study found that the scale of turbulent motions that have the most significant coherence with particle concentration follows a 1/2 power scaling law with the local height and atmospheric surface layer (ASL) thickness. The study also reveals that large-scale turbulent velocity fluctuations have a significant amplitude modulation effect on particle concentration fluctuations, but the effect is different for small dust particles and large saltating particles. Furthermore, a conceptual model reflecting the relationship between the two is proposed, and a quantitative formulation is derived and found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. These findings and the proposed model contribute insights into particle-turbulence interactions, providing theoretical support for a unified model of turbulence dynamics and particle kinematics.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jaewook Nam, Changhoon Lee
Summary: This research presents a modified immersed boundary method (IBM) for analyzing flow over complex terrain. The method is applied on a coarse grid and adopts a large-eddy simulation (LES) approach. The key idea is to use IBM forces at Lagrangian points on the terrain surface to enforce a zero velocity perpendicular to the surface and revive the tangential fluid velocity. To mitigate the impact of IBM forces on the coarse grid, the forces are distributed on a collocated grid and gathered at the position of fluid velocity on a staggered grid. The method is validated through a case study involving flow over mountainous terrain, comparing the simulation results with wind tunnel experiments and ANSYS simulations. The results demonstrate better agreement with wind tunnel experiments and successfully capture various flow characteristics over complex terrain.
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Gregory S. Shallcross, Jesse Capecelatro
Summary: The characteristic-based volume penalization combined with a high-order energy-stable finite difference framework is a computationally efficient method for compressible flows. It improves stability by avoiding increased stiffness associated with boundary treatment and does not require modifications to the computational stencil.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Min Wang, Y. T. Feng, T. M. Qu, T. T. Zhao
Summary: This work introduces a framework for coupling polygonal discrete elements with the lattice Boltzmann method using a direct forcing immersed boundary scheme. The proposed technique is validated through single particle and multiple arbitrarily-shaped particle sedimentation tests, illustrating the effect of particle shape.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Guodan Dong, Zhaobin Li, Jianhua Qin, Xiaolei Yang
Summary: The predictive capability of the actuator disk (AD) models in simulating wakes of different wind turbine designs is evaluated by comparing the results with those of the actuator surface (AS) simulation. Two types of AD models, AD-R and AD-NR, are considered. The velocity profiles predicted by the AD models agree well with the AS predictions, but differences exist in turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress. The energy distribution and features of mode patterns also vary for different turbine designs.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Zhaobin Li, Xiaohao Liu, Xiaolei Yang
Summary: This paper provides a review of existing wind turbine parameterization models, including the actuator disk, actuator line, and actuator surface models, and discusses their fundamental concepts, advanced issues, and applications in wind farms. It emphasizes the predictive capability of different models for different wake characteristics and highlights the importance of considering the effects of nacelle and tower in wind turbine wake predictions.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Shilong Li, Zhideng Zhou, Danyang Chen, Xianxu Yuan, Qilong Guo, Xiaolei Yang
Summary: In this study, direct numerical simulations were conducted on cube-roughened turbulent channel flows to explore the effects of aligned and staggered arrangements, element spacings, and element orientations on the statistics of rough-wall turbulence. The results indicate that the equivalent sandgrain roughness, Reynolds stresses, and dispersive stresses are influenced by element spacings and arrangements in different ways depending on the cube orientations. Placing the roughness elements in a staggered manner generally increases the equivalent sandgrain roughness, except when the wakes of short length result in insignificant element-element interaction. Additionally, placing the cube elements in a staggered manner decreases the maximal values of Reynolds normal stresses and the streamwise component of dispersive stresses, when compared to aligned arrangements.
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Christian Santoni, Ali Khosronejad, Xiaolei Yang, Peter Seiler, Fotis Sotiropoulos
Summary: We propose a large-eddy simulation framework that integrates the turbulent flow environment, blade aeroelastics, and turbine controllers to achieve control co-design for large wind turbines. Our simulations investigate the impact of collective and individual pitch control strategies on turbine blade deflection. The results reveal that the individual pitch control reduces blade tip deflection fluctuations in the out-of-plane direction, while the in-plane direction is barely affected. We also demonstrate the underestimation of blade out-of-plane deformation fluctuation by the one-way coupling approach compared to the two-way coupling approach. This study highlights the importance of advanced control systems in reducing the dynamic loads on wind turbine blades and emphasizes the potential of control co-design to reduce the levelized cost of wind energy.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Zewei Wang, Guodan Dong, Zhaobin Li, Xiaolei Yang
Summary: In this study, the wakes of wind farms were investigated using large-eddy simulation with an actuator disk model. The effects of streamwise turbine spacings, number of wind turbine rows, and roughness lengths of the ground surface on the characteristics of wind farm wakes were examined. The simulation results showed that smaller streamwise turbine spacings increased turbulence intensity in the near wake, while the streamwise velocity deficit and Reynolds stresses were similar in the far wake. Additionally, increasing the number of wind turbine rows and roughness length led to faster velocity recovery and higher turbulence intensity.
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Guodan Dong, Jianhua Qin, Zhaobin Li, Xiaolei Yang
Summary: In this study, the characteristics of wind turbine wakes for three different blade designs were investigated using large-eddy simulations with the actuator surface model. The results show that the blade designs influence the velocity deficit, turbulence kinetic energy, and wake meandering. The NREL-Root design exhibits higher velocity deficit, the NREL-Tip design has higher turbulence kinetic energy in the near wake, and the NREL-Root design has higher turbulence kinetic energy in the far wake.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yi Zhang, Zhaobin Li, Xiaohao Liu, Fotis Sotiropoulos, Xiaolei Yang
Summary: In this study, the turbulence and Reynolds normal stresses in the wakes of wind turbines were analyzed using large-eddy simulation (LES) data. It was found that the streamwise variations of Reynolds normal stresses in the wakes collapse well with each other when normalized using the maxima. Empirical formulae in the form of a power function were then proposed to describe the streamwise variations of Reynolds normal stresses for different blade spanwise positions, showing linear relations between the exponent and the coefficient. The proposed formulae were validated using LES data of two tandem wind turbine cases, demonstrating their effectiveness in capturing downstream variations of Reynolds normal stresses.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ali Khosronejad, Ajay B. B. Limaye, Zexia Zhang, Seokkoo Kang, Xiaolei Yang, Fotis Sotiropoulos
Summary: The interaction between flow, sediment transport, and bed topography plays a crucial role in the formation of bedforms and channel migration in meandering rivers. Predicting these interactions is vital for river engineering and geoscience research. Researchers conducted simulations to study the morphodynamics and bed deformation in 42 meandering rivers with different planform shapes. The simulations revealed the formation of scour and deposition patterns near the outer and inner banks and the variation of point bars and scour regions around the meander bends.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yunliang Li, Zhaobin Li, Zhideng Zhou, Xiaolei Yang
Summary: Large-eddy simulation was used to investigate the effects of forest canopy on wind turbine wakes. Results showed that wake recovery was faster in forest canopies compared to flat terrain. Turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) decreased significantly in the lower part of the wake above the forest, while increased mainly at the top tip. Power spectral density analysis revealed different frequency ranges of TKE increase for forest canopy and flat cases. The leaf area index (LAI) had a greater impact on wake-added TKE and wake-added Reynolds shear stress compared to the vertical distribution of leaf area density (LAD).
Article
Engineering, Marine
Tietao Lao, Zhaobin Li, Zhiying Wang, Zhan Wang, Zixuan Yang
Summary: This study improves the method for generating incident waves in two-phase flow simulations by explicitly discretising the density gradient and using the coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid method for interface capture. The proposed improvements result in more accurate wave amplitude predictions and good agreement with experimental data.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Fengshun Zhang, Xiaolei Yang, Guowei He
Summary: This paper investigates the dynamics of a wind turbine wake with different ground surface roughness lengths. The focus is on how flow structures of different scales vary as they pass through a wind turbine and travel downwind. Three different trends depending on scales are observed in terms of energy distribution.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Zhideng Zhou, Xiang I. A. Yang, Fengshun Zhang, Xiaolei Yang
Summary: In this study, a wall model is developed using the wall-resolved large-eddy simulation (WRLES) data of flow over periodic hills (PH) and the law of the wall (LoW) for data-driven wall-modeled large-eddy simulations of various wall-bounded turbulent flows. A feedforward neural network (FNN) is employed to construct the model. The performance of the obtained FNN_PH-LoW model is successfully evaluated using the direct numerical simulation data of turbulent channel flows and the WRLES data of PH cases, and it is applied to turbulent channel flows with a wide range of Reynolds numbers.