Quantum Conductance in Memristive Devices: Fundamentals, Developments, and Applications

Quantum effects in novel functional materials and new device concepts represent a potential breakthrough for the development of new information processing technologies based on quantum phenomena. Among the emerging technologies, memristive elements that exhibit resistive switching, which relies on the electrochemical formation/rupture of conductive nanofilaments, exhibit quantum conductance effects at room temperature. Despite the underlying resistive switching mechanism having been exploited for the realization of next-generation memories and neuromorphic computing architectures, the potentialities of quantum effects in memristive devices are still rather unexplored. Here, a comprehensive review on memristive quantum devices, where quantum conductance effects can be observed by coupling ionics with electronics, is presented. Fundamental electrochemical and physicochemical phenomena underlying device functionalities are introduced, together with fundamentals of electronic ballistic conduction transport in nanofilaments. Quantum conductance effects including quantum mode splitting, stability, and random telegraph noise are analyzed, reporting experimental techniques and challenges of nanoscale metrology for the characterization of memristive phenomena. Finally, potential applications and future perspectives are envisioned, discussing how memristive devices with controllable atomic-sized conductive filaments can represent not only suitable platforms for the investigation of quantum phenomena but also promising building blocks for the realization of integrated quantum systems working in air at room temperature.

Automated summary

This article presents a comprehensive review of memristive quantum devices, where quantum conductance effects can be observed through the coupling of ionics with electronics. It introduces the underlying resistive switching mechanism, electrochemical and physicochemical phenomena, and electronic ballistic conduction transport in nanofilaments. The article analyzes various quantum conductance effects, including quantum mode splitting, stability, and random telegraph noise, and discusses the experimental techniques and challenges for characterizing memristive phenomena at the nanoscale. Finally, it envisions potential applications and future perspectives, highlighting the significance of controllable atomic-sized conductive filaments in integrated quantum systems operating at room temperature.