Review
Construction & Building Technology
Nehul Agarwal, Chandan Swaroop Meena, Binju P. Raj, Lohit Saini, Ashok Kumar, N. Gopalakrishnan, Anuj Kumar, Nagesh Babu Balam, Tabish Alam, Nishant Raj Kapoor, Vivek Aggarwal
Summary: This paper reviews control measures and preventive sustainable solutions for improving indoor air quality, emphasizing the importance of integrated non-pharmaceutical and engineering control measures. By reducing occupant density, maintaining social distance, and implementing advanced ventilation systems, healthy indoor air quality can be sustained.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Antigona Ukehaxhaj, Naser Ramadani, Hanns Moshammer, Drita Zogaj
Summary: There is scientific evidence of the adverse health effects of indoor exposure to chemicals in children. Nitrogen dioxide and benzene were found to be too high in at least one school. Formaldehyde levels were higher indoors and in newer schools. Improving air circulation and temperature control, as well as identifying and eliminating sources of pollution, would benefit the health and learning of school children.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Katie Van Valkinburgh, Ali Mohammadi Nafchi, Ehsan Mousavi, Vincent Blouin, Nigel Kaye, Andrew R. Metcalf
Summary: This study discusses the results of ventilation testing in a university classroom and evaluates the effectiveness of different ventilation systems in removing particles. The study shows that low-cost devices can be as effective as high-cost devices in removing particles, and the particle concentration half-life decreases as the mechanical air changes per hour increases. Additionally, operating the fan coil units on a high fan speed and using a HEPA filter can reduce potential exposure risk.
AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
H. Proulx, M. Debia, S. Halle
Summary: Trichloramine (NCl3), a disinfection by-product (DBP), is formed in chlorinated swimming pool water and can cause respiratory illnesses when inhaled. This study investigates the effects of adding extraction vents at deck level in a swimming pool in Montreal on NCl3 concentrations. Numerical simulations reveal that the position of these vents can either lead to the accumulation or reduction of NCl3, with the most significant reduction achieved when the vents are placed on the side where low level air supplied grills are located. The findings emphasize the importance of numerically assessing airflow patterns above the water and deck before determining the position of these deck level extraction vents.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ashraf Mimi Elsaid, M. Salem Ahmed
Summary: The coronavirus pandemic has resulted in widespread infections and deaths, impacting global activities and the economy. Improving air conditioning systems, particularly air filters, is crucial to prevent the spread of the virus and maintain indoor air quality.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
K. V. Abhijith, Vina Kukadia, Prashant Kumar
Summary: In urban areas of the UK, schools located near busy roads often face pollution hotspots due to vehicle emissions during drop-off and pick-up times. Students are exposed to both indoor and outdoor air pollutants, highlighting the need for scientific investigations to mitigate air pollution exposure. This study aimed to understand the extent of air pollution inside and around schools and the factors affecting it, and determine effective interventions. Monitoring of air pollution in and around three primary schools in London was conducted, revealing improvements in air quality through interventions such as green screens, air purifiers, and school street initiatives. Practical recommendations were made based on the findings to improve air quality in and around UK schools.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sanghun Shin, Keuntae Baek, Hongyun So
Summary: In this study, a fully convolutional network (FCN)-based deep learning regression model was proposed for indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring technology, achieving optimized HVAC strategies and energy management. Rapid prediction of the mean age of air (MAA) was realized through data-driven image-to-image training model without spatial information loss. Compared with DNN regression model, the FCN-based model reduced the prediction error by -43.14% and -34.77% in terms of mean absolute error and root mean squared error, respectively. This novel virtual sensing method supports IAQ monitoring systems for future digital transformation technologies, HVAC, and energy management.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shihan Deng, Josephine Lau, Zhihao Wang, Pawel Wargocki
Summary: This study monitored indoor environmental data in 144 classrooms in 31 schools in the Midwestern United States. The results showed that increased ventilation rates and reduced indoor particle levels were associated with reduced absence rates and improved attendance rates. These findings highlight the importance of indoor air quality in schools for both health and academic performance.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Talie T. Moghadam, Carlos E. Ochoa Morales, Maria J. Lopez Zambrano, Ken Bruton, Dominic T. J. O'Sullivan
Summary: New COVID-19 ventilation guidelines have led to increased energy consumption for maintaining indoor air quality, overshadowing energy efficiency concerns. This study provides a critical systematic review of ventilation systems (VS) for Coronavirus risk mitigation, highlighting the impact on energy use. HVAC-related countermeasures proposed by professionals were assessed, with a focus on the challenges and causes associated with increased energy consumption. The results emphasize the need for novel approaches to balance energy consumption and indoor air quality while evaluating effective ventilation control strategies in different building types.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yu Yang, Seshadhri Srinivasan, Guoqiang Hu, Costas J. Spanos
Summary: This article presents a scalable control method for optimizing the energy cost in multizone HVAC systems while maintaining thermal comfort and indoor air quality. The method, divided into upper and lower level controls, demonstrates near-optimal energy cost saving performance in a distributed manner.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yi Li, Nan Ma, Lin Guo
Summary: This article proposes an air quality optimization strategy for HVAC systems based on IoT technology. By using dynamic models and the Lyapunov optimization method, the stochastic processes in HVAC systems can be captured and solved. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy and methods can effectively maintain a comfortable temperature range and provide more fresh air.
IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ling-Yi Chang, Tong-Bou Chang
Summary: The Executive Yuan in Taiwan plans to install air-conditioning (A/C) in all elementary schools within two years. However, the use of A/C will close the doors and windows, leading to the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the classrooms. Excessive indoor CO2 concentration can reduce cognitive performance and learning efficiency. Therefore, it is important to introduce external air into the classrooms to increase air exchange rate and reduce CO2 concentration.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Claudia C. Vassella, Jeremy Koch, Alexander Henzi, Alexander Jordan, Roger Waeber, Reto Iannaccone, Roland Charriere
Summary: The study found that over two-thirds of classrooms in Swiss schools with natural window ventilation exceeded the hygienic limit value of 2000 ppm for CO2. An intervention was implemented to improve ventilation behavior, which successfully reduced CO2 exposure in pilot classes and increased the proportion of teaching time within the recommended CO2 levels. Strict ventilation targets are possible with the intervention, which can be easily integrated into schools with natural window ventilation systems.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jan Schlichter, Roman Ficht, Lars Wolf
Summary: To reduce energy usage in HVAC systems while maintaining good working conditions, knowledge about the conditions inside buildings is required. This article proposes a low-cost 3-D airflow sensor based on off-the-shelf differential pressure sensors for collecting airflow data. The sensor enables monitoring and control of HVAC systems based on actual demand. It can be deployed in large numbers to provide comprehensive data with high resolution. A wind tunnel and real-world evaluation are presented to demonstrate its effectiveness.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
A. Buonomano, C. Forzano, G. F. Giuzio, A. Palombo
Summary: The Covid-19 outbreak has highlighted the importance of indoor air quality in buildings. This research aims to assess the adequacy of current ventilation standards and provide guidelines for HVAC systems design and operation in a post-Covid-19 scenario. The analysis combines Building Energy Modelling (BEM) and virus contagion risk assessment.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kwanita Adair, Shelly Miller, Margot Gage Witvliet
Summary: This study examines the performance of government air monitors in measuring air quality in Beaumont, Texas during and after Hurricane Harvey. The study finds that residents are exposed to low-level concentrations of air pollutants and the data capture rate for air monitors is not always above 90%.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Elizabeth Z. Lin, Amy Nichols, Yakun Zhou, Jeremy P. Koelmel, Krystal J. Godri Pollitt
Summary: This study compares personal exposure to airborne contaminants using wearable passive air samplers placed at different positions on the body. The findings indicate that the placement of samplers influences the exposures captured.
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Benjamin Swanson, Maxwell Freeman, Samir Rezgui, J. Alex Huffman
Summary: A spectroscopic technique has been developed to provide inexpensive information about important pollen groups, overcoming the difficulties in pollen classification. By using a single-particle fluorescence spectrometer to analyze super-micron atmospheric bioparticles, such as pollen and fungal spores, collected onto a substrate, rough separation of fresh pollen samples can be achieved through the classification of individual particles using a random forest algorithm.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhe Peng, Shelly L. Miller, Jose L. Jimenez
Summary: Air disinfection using germicidal ultraviolet light (GUV) has gained attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the impact of GUV on indoor-air-quality by modeling the chemistry initiated by GUV in a typical indoor setting. The analysis shows that GUV can photolyze ozone (O3) and generate hydroxyl radicals (OH) that oxidize indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into more oxidized VOCs. GUV also leads to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA).
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Alexander A. Aksenov, Jeremy P. Koelmel, Elizabeth Z. Lin, Alexey V. Melnik, Marina E. Vance, Delphine K. Farmer, Krystal J. Godri Pollitt
Summary: The perception of odors from volatile molecules plays a central role in human well-being. Understanding the composition and behavior of indoor volatile compounds is crucial due to the increased amount of time humans spend indoors. However, our knowledge about the comprehensive volatilome is limited, and this study aimed to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of volatiles in a residence.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Joseph O. O. Okeme, Jeremy P. P. Koelmel, Emily Johnson, Elizabeth Z. Z. Lin, Dong Gao, Krystal J. Godri Pollitt
Summary: Passive wearable samplers are alternative tools for assessing personal exposure to environmental contaminants. They provide opportunities for quantitative assessment of exposure to complex mixtures at both the individual and population levels.
CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pengfei Guo, Zhihao Jin, Giselle Bellia, Jiajun Luo, Kosuke Inoue, Krystal J. Godri Pollitt, Nicole C. Deziel, Zeyan Liew
Summary: This study investigated the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and sleep health measures in U.S. adults. The results showed some inverse associations between certain PFAS and sleep disorder, but self-selection and uncontrolled confounding biases may have influenced these findings.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Viviana Gonzalez Serrano, Elizabeth Z. Lin, Krystal J. Godri Pollitt, Dusan Licina
Summary: This study explores the relationship between personal and stationary air pollutant measurements in residences during the heating season. It was found that a single CO2 monitor placed in the bedroom efficiently represented personal exposure to CO2 and moderately represented exposure to PM10. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of understanding the dynamics and sources of gaseous and particle pollutants in residences for improving residential air quality monitoring and inhalation exposure assessment procedures.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Michelle L. Bell, Krystal J. G. Pollitt, Nicole C. Deziel
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Mira L. Poehlker, Christopher Poehlker, Ovid O. Krueger, Jan-David Foerster, Thomas Berkemeier, Wolfgang Elbert, Janine Froehlich-Nowoisky, Ulrich Poeschl, Gholamhossein Bagheri, Eberhard Bodenschatz, J. Alex Huffman, Simone Scheithauer, Eugene Mikhailov
Summary: This review critically considers and summarizes scientific knowledge on the properties of respiratory particles, including their number concentrations, size distributions, composition, and mixing state. It proposes a parameterization approach based on these properties to trace and locate the sources of infectious particles, which can support medical treatment and risk assessment. The study confirms the high relevance of vocalization in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and highlights the effectiveness of preventive measures such as physical distancing, face masks, ventilation, and air filtration against COVID-19 and other airborne infectious diseases.
REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS
(2023)
Correction
Engineering, Environmental
Zhe Peng, Shelly L. Miller, Jose L. Jimenez
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amani Y. Alhalwani, Rachel L. Davey, John E. Repine, J. Alex Huffman
Summary: Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Nitrosative stress can reduce LF's activity by modifying its tyrosine residues. This study investigated the protective effect of Lergothioneine (ET), an anti-inflammatory antioxidant, on LF's antibacterial function against nitration. The results showed that ET treatment reduced chemical modification and maintained the antibacterial activity of LF when exposed to nitrating reagents.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Forwood Wiser, Bryan K. Place, Siddhartha Sen, Havala O. T. Pye, Benjamin Yang, Daniel M. Westervelt, Daven K. Henze, Arlene M. Fiore, V. Faye McNeill
Summary: Previous studies on the mechanism of isoprene oxidation have included numerous species and reactions, making it computationally expensive for large-scale atmospheric models. This study developed a reduced isoprene oxidation mechanism using an automated model reduction approach. The reduced mechanism accurately predicted the changes in oxidation products in a smaller-scale model. When applied to a larger atmospheric model, the reduced mechanism significantly improved the agreement with observed data.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shujie Yan, Liangzhu (Leon) Wang, Michael J. J. Birnkrant, Zhiqiang (John) Zhai, Shelly L. L. Miller
Summary: Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 primarily occurs indoors, necessitating effective mitigation strategies for different types of buildings. This study evaluated engineering mitigation strategies for five prototype commercial buildings and developed correlations between individual infection risk and building mitigation parameters. The findings showed that in-duct air treatment alone may not be sufficient for smaller spaces, and additional in-room treatment devices are needed. This research provides valuable insights for the reopening and operation of public and commercial buildings during and after the pandemic.