Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jon Roozenbeek, Sander van der Linden, Beth Goldberg, Steve Rathje, Stephan Lewandowsky
Summary: This study developed five short videos to inoculate people against common manipulation techniques used in misinformation. The research found that these videos effectively improve people's recognition of manipulation techniques, enhance their ability to discern trustworthy from untrustworthy content, and improve the quality of their sharing decisions. These effects are consistent across the political spectrum and various covariates.
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Inmaculada Otero, Jesus F. Salgado, Silvia Moscoso
Summary: The study found that cognitive reflection is an excellent predictor of job performance and training proficiency, with very similar true validity across the two criteria. Additionally, cognitive reflection showed incremental variance over cognitive intelligence in explaining job performance, but practically no incremental validity in explaining training proficiency.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Midori Tokita, Sumire Hirota
Summary: This study found a weak but significant correlation among the three tasks related to the approximate number system, as well as a significant relationship between these tasks and numeracy and cognitive reflection scores, indicating that ANS-related ability may be associated with higher cognitive abilities. Furthermore, performances on numerosity and proportion estimation were found to be more strongly related to cognitive reflection scores than the numerosity comparison task.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Mathematical
Tehilla Mechera-Ostrovsky, Steven Heinke, Sandra Andraszewicz, Joerg Rieskamp
Summary: A systematic literature review and Bayesian meta-analysis found no credible association between cognitive abilities and risk aversion. The reported associations are mediated by a misinterpretation of erroneous choice behavior.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Kenny Skagerlund, Mattias Forsblad, Gustav Tinghog, Daniel Vastfjall
Summary: This study examined the relationship between decision-making competence and cognitive abilities, finding that general intelligence and numeracy play important predictive roles in adult decision-making competence. Additionally, the relationship between time perception and decision-making competence was explored.
JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING
(2022)
Article
Economics
Donata Favaro, Dario Sciulli
Summary: The study reveals that educational choices and later employment outcomes of female workers are influenced by early-life cognitive skills, non-cognitive abilities, and family characteristics. The interaction between educational levels and early-life abilities, productive characteristics, and other factors lead to varied employment outcomes and income prospects for women conditioned on educational attainment.
Article
Psychology, Social
Clemens M. Lechner, Britta Gauly, Ai Miyamoto, Alexandra Wicht
Summary: The study found that literacy and numeracy skills in adults are relatively stable but can still change over a period of three to six years. While there are some differences in mean-level change across different subgroups, individual differences play a dominant role in determining changes in these skills.
PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Zoe Callis, Paul Gerrans, Dana L. Walker, Gilles E. Gignac
Summary: Financial literacy is positively associated with intelligence, with moderate to large effect sizes. There is a large, positive correlation between financial literacy and general intelligence. Financial literacy is also related to quantitative knowledge, comprehension knowledge, and fluid reasoning. However, more comprehensive measures and robust tests are needed to evaluate financial literacy for inclusion in the cognitive abilities taxonomy.
Article
Biology
Connor T. Lambert, Lauren M. Guillette
Summary: Research has shown that both social and asocial environmental factors significantly affect learning in various species, but the effects are highly variable and may not always align with predictions. The type (social or asocial) and length of interventions are key factors in determining the strength of the effect.
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Agata Sobkow, Angelika Olszewska, Miroslav Sirota
Summary: The present research aims to investigate the generalizability of the Verbal CRT in cultural contexts outside the US/UK and to test the factor structure linking traditional-numerical CRT, Verbal CRT, numeracy, and fluid intelligence. The results show that the Verbal CRT is a valid cognitive reflection measure even in different language and cultural contexts.
JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Elizabeth McManus, Deborah Talmi, Hamied Haroon, Nils Muhlert
Summary: The impact of psychosocial stress on episodic memory and related cognitive abilities is still unclear. Some studies found a small positive effect of post-learning psychosocial stress with a long retention interval, but no other effects of psychosocial stress were seen. Re-analysis showed no significant effect of psychosocial stress on episodic memory, highlighting potentially different effects between stressor types. Psychosocial stress also had a moderately different effect when emotional vs. neutral stimuli were compared. Additionally, psychosocial stress decreased performance on executive function, but not working memory tasks.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Zachary C. Merz, John W. Lace, Alexander M. Eisenstein
Summary: This study investigated the cognitive ability level of samples obtained via mTurk and found that they may represent the broader population in terms of global cognitive ability. The study also validated the ICAR-16 as a reasonable, psychometrically sound, and inexpensive measure of global cognitive ability appropriate for use in mTurk samples.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology
Jeromy Anglim, Patrick Damien Dunlop, Serena Wee, Sharon Horwood, Joshua K. Wood, Andrew Marty
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the associations of personality and intelligence, showing that openness and neuroticism are the strongest correlates of intelligence among the Big Five personality factors. Different personality traits have varying impacts on intelligence, providing the most nuanced and robust evidence to date of the relationship between personality and intelligence.
PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Eleonore S. V. de Sonnaville, Marsh Konigs, Ouke van Leijden, Hennie Knoester, Job B. M. van Woensel, Jaap Oosterlaan
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the intelligence outcome after pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and identify risk factors for poor intelligence outcome. A meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted, involving 123 articles and a total of 8,119 PICU survivors. The results showed that PICU survivors had lower full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) scores compared to controls, and the intelligence outcome has worsened over the years. Length of PICU stay, female sex, and lower rate of survivors were associated with greater intelligence impairment.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Federica Veneri, Marco Vinceti, Luigi Generali, Maria Edvige Giannone, Elena Mazzoleni, Linda S. Birnbaum, Ugo Consolo, Tommaso Filippini
Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to explore the possible harmful effect of fluoride exposure on cognitive neurodevelopment in children. The majority of studies suggested an adverse effect, especially at low levels of exposure, but the role of confounding factors needs to be further investigated.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jesus F. Salgado, Inmaculada Otero, Silvia Moscoso
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Damaris Cuadrado, Jesus F. Salgado, Silvia Moscoso
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Inmaculada Otero, Jesus F. Salgado, Silvia Moscoso
Summary: The study found that cognitive reflection is an excellent predictor of job performance and training proficiency, with very similar true validity across the two criteria. Additionally, cognitive reflection showed incremental variance over cognitive intelligence in explaining job performance, but practically no incremental validity in explaining training proficiency.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Silvia Moscoso, Jesus F. Salgado
Summary: The study found a slightly positive correlation between overall subjective well-being and job performance ratings, with affective well-being showing a stronger correlation with supervisory ratings. Surprisingly, cognitive well-being had a suppressor effect on supervisory ratings.
JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA DEL TRABAJO Y DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Alexandra Martinez, Jesus F. Salgado
Summary: This study found that forced-choice inventories exhibit resistance to faking, with quasi-ipsative formats showing greater resistance. Faking is more pronounced in experimental settings, suggesting it may be a laboratory phenomenon. Additionally, smaller effect sizes were observed for conscientiousness in quasi-ipsative formats, and for applicant samples compared to experimental samples.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Jesus F. Salgado, Silvia Moscoso
Summary: This meta-analysis examined the relationship between subjective well-being (SWB) and job performance across countries/regions, showing that SWB is a predictor of job performance and the relationship is more significant in the Asia-Pacific region.
JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA DEL TRABAJO Y DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Inmaculada Otero, Pamela Alonso
Summary: This study aims to expand the research on the determinants of Cognitive Reflection Test scores and explores the effects of items sequence on (1) Cognitive Reflection Test scores, (2) response time, (3) the relationship between scores and response time, and (4) the effects on men and women. The study also examines the sex differences in test scores and response time based on items sequence. Results showed that manipulating the items sequence significantly improved Cognitive Reflection Test scores, but did not significantly affect response time. A positive relationship between scores and response time was found, except when scores were maximized. Differences between men and women in the results were also observed.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Mario Lado, Inmaculada Otero, Jesus F. Salgado
Summary: This study found that cognitive reflection was not significantly related to job performance, but satisfaction with life and emotional balance were valid predictors. Additionally, cognitive reflection correlated significantly with satisfaction with life and emotional balance.
Article
Psychology, Social
Damaris Cuadrado, Jesus F. Salgado, Silvia Moscoso
Summary: The study found that conscientiousness and agreeableness were important factors influencing students' engagement in counterproductive academic behaviors (CAB), while intelligence had a negative correlation with CAB. Additionally, conscientiousness had strong predictive power for various facets of CAB, particularly absenteeism, cheating, misuse of resources, low effort, and breach of rules.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Jesus F. Salgado, Silvia Moscoso
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Jesus F. Salgado, Silvia Moscoso
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2019)
