Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
N. Eslami, A. A. Ranjbar, M. Rahimi-Esbo, S. M. Rahgoshay
Summary: In this study, the impact of various operating parameters on the performance of a large-scale three-cell fuel cell stack was investigated. Factors such as relative humidity, temperature, pressure, and stoichiometry were analyzed to determine the optimal performance conditions. It was found that by increasing the relative humidity and temperature, as well as adjusting the pressure and stoichiometry, improvements of 1-6% in the stack's performance can be achieved.
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Fengxiang Chen, Yaowang Pei, Jieran Jiao, Xuncheng Chi, Zhongjun Hou
Summary: In this paper, a dynamic stack model is established to calculate the energy flow and thermal voltage of a fuel cell stack. The study simulates and compares the energy flow and thermal voltage under different operating conditions. It is found that waste heat accounts for 28% of the heat generated by the stack under maximum power condition, and the thermal voltage increases by 0.02 V for every 10% increase in cathode inlet humidity after saturation. These conclusions have significant economic implications for improving the utilization of electric energy and waste heat in water-cooled PEMFC.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pierre Carrere, Marc Prat
Summary: Experimental results show that humidification conditions at the anode affect the distribution of liquid water in the cathode gas diffusion layer. Numerical simulations were used to reproduce and analyze this effect, leading to consistent results with the experiments. Additionally, a model of the full anode-cathode assembly was developed to generalize the dry-wet regime diagram.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Houchang Pei, Bangbang Ma, Huawei Chang, Chenguang Xiao, Zhengkai Tu
Summary: Thermal and water management are key factors in the performance of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This study installed a semiconductor cooler at the cathode outlet of a dead-ended fuel cell stack to condense water vapor, improving performance and reducing temperature differences. Increasing current density also affected temperature distribution, with higher density leading to greater temperature differences due to increased water generated by electrochemical reactions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fumin Tang, Cunman Zhang, Pingwen Ming
Summary: Various electrocatalysts developed for the cathode of PEMFC show better performance on a rotating disk electrode (RDE) compared to being assembled in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), but this phenomenon has not been quantitatively explained yet. In this study, the Butler-Volmer equation is further developed based on the detailed disassembly of the elemental reaction processes on the cathodic catalyst surface and in the MEA. These analytical equations quantitatively indicate how the catalyst's structural parameters and the electrode's microstructural parameters influence the catalyst's performance. Further analysis reveals that optimizing the structure of the catalytic layer can potentially improve the PEMFC's current density by more than one order of magnitude when using traditional catalysts like Pt/C. However, increasing hydrogen permeation not only reduces the open-circuit voltage but also decreases the PEMFC's lifetime. The established equations in this work, derived from strict mathematical and physical deductions, provide new guidance for evaluating and improving the performance of electrocatalysts in MEA assembly.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xi Chen, Ye Fang, Qinxiao Liu, Lingxuan He, Yibo Zhao, Taiming Huang, Zhongmin Wan, Xiaodong Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a PEMFC temperature and voltage dynamic management controller based on Model Predict Control method (MPC) to improve the efficiency and stability of PEMFC. By optimizing the control algorithm, the response time and overshoots of temperature and voltage are reduced.
Article
Thermodynamics
Taiming Huang, Dingxun Yi, Xun Ren, Jingmao Ma, Xi Chen, Changjie Ou, Yiyu Chen, Xiao-Dong Wang, Zhongmin Wan
Summary: The performance of a PEMFC-driven UAV is influenced by environmental changes during high-altitude flights. This study investigated the distribution of water and heat in a PEMFC and found that adjusting the air stoichiometry ratio and inlet temperature can improve the temperature and water distribution on the membrane, enhancing the performance of the fuel cell.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Fumin Tang, Zheng Tang, Yange Yang, Bing Li, Cunman Zhang, Pingwen Ming
Summary: In this paper, a general expression is developed to quantify the relationship among the measured signals in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) by decomposing the electrochemical processes. The theoretical polarization curves derived from this expression are confirmed by experiments, clarifying the intrinsic relevancies among these electrochemical methods. This work would help develop a new evaluation methodology for PEMFCs.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zipeng Huang, Qifei Jian, Jing Zhao
Summary: Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a promising electricity-generating device with zero pollution, but it generates a large amount of waste heat during operation. A novel cooling strategy by integrating thin vapor chambers (VCs) into the PEMFC stack is proposed in this study to enhance heat dissipation. Experimental results show that VCs can effectively reduce the operating temperature of PEMFC and provide a reliable thermal environment for safe operation. During operation, the thermal management of PEMFC stack is significantly affected by the inclination angle when the cathode air flow is small.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mathieu Baudy, Amine Jaafar, Christophe Turpin, Sofyane Abbou, Sylvain Rigal
Summary: This study focuses on the characterization of polarization curves for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC). Four different methods for realizing polarization curves are compared in terms of their impact on fuel cell degradation. The results show that carbon corrosion is the main degradation issue caused by high voltage. The atmospheric pressure variation also introduces bias in the polarization curves, which needs to be compensated for by adjusting the voltage according to the operating conditions. Overall, this study is of great importance for the stable operation and long-term use of fuel cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mutlucan Bayat, Mehmet Ozalp, Hueseyin Gurbuz
Summary: This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the performance of a high-temperature PEM fuel cell through a novel model and experimental comparison. Results indicate that increasing the operating temperature has a significant impact on energy and exergy efficiency.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Charalampos Neofytidis, Fotios Paloukis, Nikolaos Athanasopoulos, Stylianos G. Neophytides, Maria K. Daletou
Summary: This work aims to develop, construct, and test an efficient all-metallic high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) stack with a power output of 1 kWe. By selecting the proper polymer electrolyte, the stack can operate within the range of 160-190 degrees C. The stack's performance is influenced by various parameters such as materials, component design, stack assembly, and operating conditions. The presented 1 kW electrical and 1 kW thermal power HT-PEMFC stack consists of thirty membrane-electrode assemblies (MEA), metallic bipolar plates, and an innovative cost-efficient internal pumpless two-phase equilibrium water-steam cooling system.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Zekai Chen, Zhong Huang, Yafeng Chen, Qiang Liu, Wei Guo
Summary: The variation pattern of the operating state of the fuel cell stack is determined by analysing the peaks of each single cell. The optimal peak of DRT can be obtained with a regularization parameter (lambda) of 10-5, and the change in the shape of its peak is better suited for analyzing the operating state of the stack. Additionally, the operating state of the stack can be judged and predicted by analysing the changes of P1, P2, and P3 peaks of DRT. Furthermore, the reasons for lower performance were also analyzed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Weitong Pan, Zhekun Chen, Xueli Chen, Fuchen Wang, Gance Dai
Summary: The distribution of flow in the PEMFC stack is crucial for its performance and durability. A flow field analysis scheme combining theoretical analysis and numerical simulations is employed to determine the flow uniformity criterion of the stack manifold. The research provides insights into the design principles of the stack manifold.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Kenan Saka, Mehmet Fatih Orhan
Summary: The efficiency of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell was investigated in this study. The results showed that optimizing the operating parameters can significantly increase the overall stack efficiency.
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Iranzo, C. H. Arredondo, A. M. Kannan, F. Rosa
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alfredo Iranzo, Jose Manuel Gregorio, Pierre Boillat, Felipe Rosa
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Andrea Ramirez-Cruzado, Blanca Ramirez-Pena, Rosario Velez-Garcia, Alfredo Iranzo, Jose Guerra
Article
Thermodynamics
Alfredo Iranzo, Sergio J. Navas, Felipe Rosa, Mohamed R. Berber
Summary: This study experimentally analyzed the time constants associated with diffusion and electrochemical processes in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The results showed that operating conditions have an impact on the time constants, and the Damkohler number was introduced and discussed.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohamed R. Berber, Numa A. Althubiti, Ziyad A. Alrowaili, Felipe Rosa, Alfredo Iranzo
Summary: The advanced energy conversion catalyst composed of pristine carbon nanotubes and conductive polyaniline polymer exhibited remarkable catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), leading to improved fuel cell performance. The use of polyaniline as an anchor to enhance Pt-catalytic activity opens up opportunities for wider applications of hydrogen energy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alfredo Iranzo, Baltasar Toharias, Christian Suarez, Felipe Rosa, Javier Pino
Summary: This study presents a CFD mesh for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) with a specific design, and validates its accuracy and reliability through experimental data, supporting its application in fuel cell research.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Antonio Martin-Alcantara, Laura Gonzalez-Moran, Javier Pino, Jose Guerra, Alfredo Iranzo
Summary: This study investigates the influence of different properties of gas diffusion layers (GDLs) on the performance of a proton-exchange polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC). Three-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted to compare several commercial GDLs with varying properties. The results show that high electrical conductivity and permeability contribute to better fuel cell performance. Moreover, the absence of a microporous layer (MPL) can lead to membrane dehydration and cell degradation issues.
Article
Electrochemistry
Alfredo Iranzo, Sergio J. Navas, Javier Pino, Numa A. Althubiti, Mohamed R. Berber
Summary: The extent of cell voltage hysteresis in polarization curves of PEM fuel cells was investigated. Changes in concentration polarization at low current densities and activation polarization at high current densities were identified as the main causes. The dwell time was found to have a mixed effect on the voltage hysteresis.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Christian Suarez, Alfredo Iranzo, Baltasar Toharias, Felipe Rosa
Summary: This article presents an experimental analysis of a novel bioinspired design of the channels of a PEMFC, which shows improved water management capability at high humidity and increased peak power.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jeronimo Domingo, Alfredo Iranzo, David Arnanz, Akhilesh K. Srivastava, Michael Groombridge, Jared Hansen
Summary: As part of the European Commission research project DIY4U, a machinery has been developed to allow customers in supermarkets to customize their detergent. The mixing process, which uses rotation and displacement by rotating the detergent canister around an axis, has been verified using Computational Fluid Dynamics tools. The results show that the system is efficient, taking only a few seconds for complete mixing and minimal differences in mixing time.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Begona Vivanco-Martin, Alfredo Iranzo
Summary: This review analyzes the European Union's strategy and ambitions in the hydrogen sector, focusing on the European Parliament's hydrogen strategy and its actions and projects in hydrogen technologies. The EU aims to be a leader in the hydrogen sector, particularly in the industrialization of key elements like electrolysers, with numerous associations, strategies, plans, and projects being developed. The key conclusions highlight the potential of hydrogen to be a key decarbonization solution, especially in hard-to-abate sectors, and its role in the imminent green transition.
Article
Thermodynamics
Christian Suarez, Baltasar Toharias, Maria Salva Aguirre, Artem Chesalkin, Felipe Rosa, Alfredo Iranzo
Summary: This study conducted experimental dynamic load cycling (DLC) tests and current density mapping (CDM) measurements on different inlet/outlet configurations of a parallel-serpentine proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The results showed that the Inverse Hydrogen Flow configuration performed the best, but the differences with other configurations were not significant, with maximum differences below 5% in terms of voltage and power densities in polarization and power curves. The DLC results also showed similar performance among the experimented configurations, with maximum energy differences below 10%.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Andrea Ramirez-Cruzado, Blanca Ramirez-Pena, Rosario Velez-Garcia, Alfredo Iranzo, Jose Guerra
