Review
Microbiology
Iulia-Magdalena Vasilescu, Mariana-Carmen Chifiriuc, Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru, Roxana Filip, Alexandra Bolocan, Veronica Lazar, Lia-Mara Ditu, Coralia Bleotu
Summary: This review focuses on the gut microbiota profiles in individuals colonized or infected with Clostridioides difficile. The study found that CDI patients have decreased gut microbiota diversity and resilience, with an abundance of Proteobacteria and lower levels of butyrogenic and lactic acid-bacteria. In infants, colonization with specific bacteria and immunological factors may explain the lack of clinical symptoms. Gut dysbiosis can be improved through administration of biotics or non-toxigenic C. difficile preparations and fecal microbiota transplantation.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Teena Chopra, Gail Hecht, Glenn Tillotson
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection poses challenges due to its recurrent nature, and current antibiotic management does not address the underlying issue of dysbiosis. Restoring the microbiome through therapies like live biotherapeutics can lead to positive clinical outcomes. Several such therapies are currently being investigated.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jennifer J. Dawkins, Jessica R. Allegretti, Travis E. Gibson, Emma McClure, Mary Delaney, Lynn Bry, Georg K. Gerber
Summary: This study conducted a longitudinal analysis of the gut microbiome and metabolome changes in patients with primary Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The results showed that metabolomic data can accurately predict the recurrence of CDI, providing important insights for the development of diagnostic tests and treatments.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Elena Reigadas, Joffrey van Prehn, Marco Falcone, Fidelma Fitzpatrick, Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild, Ed J. Kuijper, Emilio Bouza
Summary: The prevention and treatment of CDI continues to be a challenge, with current effective methods including FMT and bezlotoxumab, but there is still lack of evidence-based options for primary CDI prevention.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander B. Smith, Matthew L. Jenior, Orlaith Keenan, Jessica L. Hart, Jonathan Specker, Arwa Abbas, Paula C. Rangel, Chao Di, Jamal Green, Katelyn A. Bustin, Jennifer A. Gaddy, Maribeth R. Nicholson, Clare Laut, Brendan J. Kelly, Megan L. Matthews, Daniel R. Evans, Daria Van Tyne, Emma E. Furth, Jason A. Papin, Frederic D. Bushman, Jessi Erlichman, Robert N. Baldassano, Michael A. Silverman, Gary M. Dunny, Boone M. Prentice, Eric P. Skaar, Joseph P. Zackular
Summary: Enterococci can shape the metabolic environment in the gut and enhance the fitness and pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile through nutrient restriction and cross-feeding. This microbial interaction plays a role in the susceptibility to and the severity of C. difficile infection.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, Travis J. Carlson, Kevin W. Garey
Summary: Human gut microbiota play a critical role in the development and recovery of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Antibiotics, although necessary for CDI treatment, can further disrupt the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis and complicating recovery. Various microbiota-based treatment approaches, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and newly approved live biotherapeutic products, have been developed to address disease- and treatment-associated dysbiosis and improve cure rates. This review aims to discuss the changes in the gut microbiome associated with CDI and the effectiveness of different microbiota-based treatments.
Review
Microbiology
Elisa Martinez, Bernard Taminiau, Cristina Rodriguez, Georges Daube
Summary: This review investigates the relationship between gut microbiota and Clostridioides difficile infection and colonization. Factors such as antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, hospitalization, and age increase the risk of C. difficile infection. Colonized individuals show altered gut microbiota while CDI patients have reduced abundances of certain bacteria.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Zitong Li, Haoran Ke, Qianyun Lin, Zefeng Shen, Ye Chen
Summary: This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications on gut microbiota and CDI, finding that gut microbiota and CDI is likely to remain a prominent area of research in the foreseeable future. Current research hotspots include fecal microbiota transplantation, colonization resistance, and multidrug-resistant bacteria.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Etienne Nzabarushimana, Haixu Tang
Summary: CDI is a GI infection that can be reversed through modulation of the gut microbiota. This study evaluated the diagnostic capabilities of the fecal microbiome on CDI, showing that the species/function composition of the gut microbiome has a robust diagnostic prediction of the disease. The impact of antibiotic therapy on CDI prediction was also assessed, with positive outcomes observed following successful FMT.
Article
Immunology
Sang Hoon Lee, Han-Ki Park, Chang Don Kang, Dae Hee Choi, Sung Chul Park, Jin Myung Park, Seung-Joo Nam, Gi Bong Chae, Kyoung Yul Lee, Hyunseok Cho, Sung Joon Lee
Summary: The study suggests that vitamin D supplementation may increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria and could potentially be used in the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI).
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jian Wan, Yujie Zhang, Wenfang He, Zuhong Tian, Junchao Lin, Zhenzhen Liu, Yani Li, Min Chen, Shuang Han, Jie Liang, Yongquan Shi, Xuan Wang, Lei Zhou, Ying Cao, Jiayun Liu, Kaichun Wu
Summary: Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at a higher risk of developing Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), but the gut microbial structure and metabolites in UC and CDI patients have been poorly studied. This study identifies significant differences in gut microbiota and metabolites between UC and CDI patients compared to those with UC alone.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Young-Jin Son, Young-Rok Kim, Sang-Hun Oh, Sungji Jung, Marco A. Ciufolini, Hee-Jong Hwang, Jin-Hwan Kwak, Hyunjoo Pai
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection is a global health threat and micrococcin P2 (MP2) has shown promising results as an effective antimicrobial agent against the hypervirulent C. difficile strain through in vitro and in vivo studies.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yongrong Zhang, Ashley Saint Fleur, Hanping Feng
Summary: Clostridioides difficile is a common pathogen causing nosocomial diarrhea, with increasing cases and deaths reported in recent years. The emergence of drug-resistant and hypervirulent strains has highlighted the urgent need for new therapies. Restoring a healthy gut microbiome, which serves as a defense against C. difficile colonization, has become a focus in drug development.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anna Maria Seekatz, Nasia Safdar, Sahil Khanna
Summary: The composition of the human gut microbiota is important for overall health, and disruptions in this microbiome can lead to various diseases. In the case of Clostridioides difficile infection, standard treatments and monoclonal antibodies do not address the underlying dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective strategy in preventing recurrent infections, but there are challenges in screening and standardizing the acquisition and processing of donor stool. Newer biotherapeutic formulations are being developed to improve gut microbiome restoration and prevent CDI recurrence.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giovanny Herrera, Daniel Paredes-Sabja, Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo, Juan David Ramirez, Marina Munoz
Summary: Clostridioides difficile is the causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, with altered intestinal microbiota composition. Microbial species from different domains are associated with CDI, and understanding the relationships among microorganisms may lead to new predictive factors for infection and improved treatment options, reducing morbidity and mortality.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Hamideh Raeisi, Mohammad Reza Safarnejad, Farideh Sadeghkhani
Summary: In this study, a specific serological assay for Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was developed using a recombinant CTV coat protein (CTV-CP) expressed in Escherichia coli. The phage display antibody library was screened to obtain a highly specific scFv antibody, scFvF10, which showed sensitive detection of CTV-CP. Molecular modeling and docking analysis confirmed the interaction between scFvF10 and CTV-CP, and triple-antibody sandwich ELISA using scFvF10 as the second antibody showed high sensitivity in detecting CTV-infected samples. These results suggest that scFvF10 has the potential to be an efficient tool for CTV-infected plant diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Hamideh Raeisi, Mohammad Reza Safarnejad, Seyed Mehdi Alavi, Naser Farrokhi, Seyed Ali Elahinia
Summary: In this study, the in planta expression of a specific anti-pthA single-chain variable fragment (scFv) recombinant antibody, scFvG8, was described, and its function was assessed using molecular docking, immunoblotting, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results confirmed that scFvG8 can suppress the function of pthA effector protein within plant cells and potentially reduce the necrotic leaf area caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.
TRANSGENIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Zohreh Ghalavand, Abbas Yadegar, Sahar Amirkamali, Masoumeh Azimirad, Gelareh Nasiri, Hossein Goudarzi, Maryam Noori, Mohammad Reza Zali
Summary: The SlpA protein produced by Clostridioides difficile can induce autophagy in Caco-2 cells. SlpA treatment significantly increased the expression of autophagy-associated genes and LC3B protein.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Maryam Noori, Masoumeh Azimirad, Gita Eslami, Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha, Abbas Yadegar, Zohreh Ghalavand, Mohammad Reza Zali
Summary: This study investigated the effects of SlpA extracted from C. difficile on the expression of tight junction proteins and the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human colon carcinoma cells. The results highlighted the importance of SlpA in the pathogenesis of C. difficile infection and the inflammatory response in the gut.
Review
Immunology
Mohsen Rajabnia, Shideh Moftakhari Hajimirzaei, Mohammad Reza Hatamnejad, Shabnam Shahrokh, Shaghayegh Baradaran Ghavami, Maryam Farmani, Naghmeh Salarieh, Nastaran Ebrahimi, Nesa Kazemifard, Azam Farahanie, Ghazal Sherkat, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
Summary: There is uncertainty regarding the correlation between obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Obesity can exacerbate the inflammatory processes of IBD, while IBD may also contribute to obesity. However, obesity can impact the effectiveness and outcomes of medical and surgical treatments for IBD, primarily through the development of significant disabilities.
IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naghmeh Salarieh, Armitasadat Emami Meibodi, Samira Alipour, Masoumeh Azimirad, Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Abbas Yadegar, Shabnam Shahrokh, Mohammad Reza Zali
Summary: This study aimed to compare the composition of mucosal microbiota in IBS + NLH patients, IBS patients, and healthy controls. The results showed the presence of various pathogens in IBS + NLH patients and differences in microbiota composition compared to IBS patients and healthy controls.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Hamideh Raeisi, Masoumeh Azimirad, Ali Nabavi-Rad, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Abbas Yadegar, Mohammad Reza Zali
Summary: Clostridioides difficile is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and one of the most common healthcare-associated bacterial infections worldwide. Antibody therapy, particularly the use of recombinant antibodies generated through in vitro technologies, has shown promise in treating CDI. These approaches have the potential to overcome the limitations of the immune system and improve the sensitivity and specificity of the antibodies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Mohammad Reza Hatamnejad, Shaghayegh Baradaran Ghavami, Marzieh Shirvani, Mona Asghari Ahmadabad, Shabnam Shahrokh, Maryam Farmani, Ghazal Sherkat, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Mohammad Reza Zali
Summary: IBD is a chronic inflammatory disease that poses a growing health problem. The use of anti-depressants as a routine regimen for IBD patients is not officially approved, but some physicians prescribe them empirically to alleviate symptoms. However, the prescription of SSRIs may come with adverse effects such as sleep disturbances, and there is evidence suggesting that prolonged use of SSRIs can worsen the IBD course. Despite the need for further research, periodic prescriptions of SSRIs at monthly intervals may be recommended for IBD patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Banafsheh Nadalian, Bahareh Nadalian, Hamidreza Houri, Shabnam Shahrokh, Mohammad Abdehagh, Abbas Yadegar, Gholamhossein Ebrahimipour
Summary: In this study, it was found that E. coli strains colonizing the gut of Iranian patients with IBD predominantly belonged to phylogenetic groups B2 and D. The E. coli isolates from IBD patients showed resistance to commonly used antibiotics, with many strains being categorized as multidrug-resistant (MDR).
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Hamideh Raeisi, Masoumeh Azimirad, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Abbas Yadegar, Mohammad Reza Zali
Summary: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is a common cause of nosocomial diarrhea and the emergence of hypervirulent strains has led to efforts in developing accurate diagnostic methods. Antibody-based ultrasensitive diagnostic platforms, particularly those using recombinant antibodies (rAbs), have shown promising results in both research and clinical settings. These platforms offer high sensitivity and specificity, and the use of rAb technologies allows for faster and more cost-effective antibody production.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniela Rosendo-Silva, Sofia Viana, Eugenia Carvalho, Flavio Reis, Paulo Matafome
Summary: Recently, dysbiosis and disruption of the intestinal barrier have emerged as major contributors to the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders, including obesity. The breakdown of the intestinal barrier allows bacterial components to reach peripheral tissues, causing low-grade inflammation. However, the focus on the existence and effects of bacteria in peripheral tissues, particularly adipose tissue, has been limited. Understanding how gut microbiota and derived signals modulate neuroendocrine and inflammatory pathways is crucial in addressing the dysfunction of adipose tissue and the metabolic consequences of obesity.
INTERNAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hamideh Raeisi, Maryam Noori, Masoumeh Azimirad, Seyed Reza Mohebbi, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Abbas Yadegar, Mohammad Reza Zali
Summary: Clostridioides difficile is a urgent threat in healthcare settings worldwide. Conventional antibiotic treatment for C. difficile infection (CDI) may promote recurrence due to antibiotic-resistant strains. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as an effective therapeutic option for recurrent CDI. Phage therapy and fecal virome transplantation (FVT) show promise as alternatives for treating drug-resistant CDI. This review highlights the latest updates and future prospects of phage therapy in CDI management.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Karina Garcia, Andre Alves, Teresa M. Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Sofia Viana, Flavio Reis
Summary: This article presents a method using BODIPY 493/503 fluorescence dye to evaluate the lipid content and types in hepatic lipid droplets induced by a high-fat diet. The method allows reliable distinction of different-sized droplets and quantitative analysis.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Irina Lousa, Flavio Reis, Sofia Viana, Pedro Vieira, Helena Vala, Luis Belo, Alice Santos-Silva
Summary: The inflammatory pathway driven by TNF-alpha, through its receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2, is a common feature in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). TNF receptors, especially TNFR2, have potential as biomarkers for early detection and progression of CKD. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the potential value of TNFR2 as a biomarker.
Article
Immunology
Masoumeh Azimirad, Maryam Noori, Sahar Amirkamali, Gelareh Nasiri, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Abbas Yadegar, Daniel J. Klionsky, Mohammad Reza Zali
Summary: This study reveals that C. difficile bacteria can induce autophagy through both toxin-dependent and independent mechanisms, suggesting the potential role of other C. difficile virulence factors in autophagy modulation.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2023)