Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
Volume 46, Issue 2, Pages 632-642Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw178
Keywords
Sexual dimorphism; pre-eclampsia; placenta; sex ratio; ALSPAC
Categories
Funding
- Global Pregnancy Collaboration (CoLab)
- Pre-eclampsia-Eclampsia Monitoring, Prevention & Treatment initiative - University of British Columbia, a grantee of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) [UK Medical Research Council]
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) [Wellcome Trust] [102215/2/13/2]
- Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC)
- Danish Epidemiology Science Centre
- Pharmacy Foundation
- Egmont Foundation
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- Augustinus Foundation
- Genetics of Pre-eclampsia Consortium (FINNPEC) - Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation
- Genetics of Pre-eclampsia Consortium (FINNPEC) - Paivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation
- Genetics of Pre-eclampsia Consortium (FINNPEC) - Academy of Finland
- Genetics of Pre-eclampsia Consortium (FINNPEC) - University of Helsinki
- Genetics of Pre-eclampsia Consortium (FINNPEC) - EVO at the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa
- Genetics of Pre-eclampsia Consortium (FINNPEC) - Novo Nordisk Foundation
- Genetics of Pre-eclampsia Consortium (FINNPEC) - Finnish Foundation for Pediatric Research
- Genetics of Pre-eclampsia Consortium (FINNPEC) - Emil Aaltonen Foundation
- Genetics of Pre-eclampsia Consortium (FINNPEC) - Sigrid Juselius Foundation
- Generation R Study (GenR) - Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam
- Generation R Study (GenR) - Erasmus University Rotterdam
- Generation R Study (GenR) - Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (VIDI)
- Dutch Asthma Foundation
- Lund Database - Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet)
- Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) - Norwegian Ministry of Health
- Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) - Ministry of Education and Research
- NIH/NIEHS [N01-ES-75558, 1 UO1 NS 047537-01, 2 UO1 NS 047537-06A1]
- Oslo Pregnancy Biobank (OPB) - VIRUUS (Vitenskapsradet, Ulleval universitetssykehus)
- Oslo Pregnancy Biobank (OPB) - Woman and Child Division, Oslo University Hospital
- Oslo Pregnancy Biobank (OPB) - Pregnancy Exposures and Pre-eclampsia Prevention Study (PEPP)
- National Institutes of Health [P01-HD30367]
- National Centre for Research Resources Clinical and Translational Science [1 UL1 RR024153]
- Abbott Laboratories
- Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Project (PREDO) - Academy of Finland
- Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Project (PREDO) - Clinical Graduate School in Pediatrics and Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Helsinki
- Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Project (PREDO) - Finnish Medical Society Duodecim
- Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Project (PREDO) - Emil Aaltonen Foundation
- Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Project (PREDO) - Finnish Concordia Fund
- Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Project (PREDO) - Finnish Foundation For Pediatric Research
- Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Project (PREDO) - Finnish Medical Foundation
- Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Project (PREDO) - Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation
- Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Project (PREDO) - Sigrid Juselius Foundation
- Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Project (PREDO) - Government Special Subsidy for Health Sciences at Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District
- Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Project (PREDO) - Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation
- Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Project (PREDO) - Orion Foundation
- Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Project (PREDO) - Paivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation
- Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Project (PREDO) - Yrjo Jahnsson Foundation
- Wellcome Trust [210183]
- Tommy's the baby charity [1060508]
- MRC [MC_UU_12013/5, MR/J011932/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12013/5, MR/J011932/1, MC_PC_15018] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [NIHR-CS-011-020] Funding Source: researchfish
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Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a major pregnancy disorder complicating up to 8% of pregnancies. Increasing evidence indicates a sex-specific interplay between the mother,placenta and fetus. This may lead to different adaptive mechanisms during pregnancy. Methods: We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis to determine associations of fetal sex and PE, with specific focus on gestational age at delivery in PE. This was done on 219 575 independent live-born singleton pregnancies, with a gestational age at birth between 22.0 and 43.0 weeks of gestation, from 11 studies participating in a worldwide consortium of international research groups focusing on pregnancy. Results: Of the women, 9033 (4.1%) experienced PE in their pregnancy and 48.8% of the fetuses were female versus 51.2% male. No differences in the female/male distribution were observed with respect to term PE (delivered >= 37 weeks). Preterm PE (delivered < 37 weeks) was slightly more prevalent among pregnancies with a female fetus than in pregnancies with a male fetus [odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.21]. Very preterm PE (delivered < 34 weeks) was even more prevalent among pregnancies with a female fetus as compared with pregnancies with a male fetus (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.17-1.59). Conclusions: Sexual dimorphic differences in the occurrence of PE exist, with preterm PE being more prevalent among pregnancies with a female fetus as compared with pregnancies with a male fetus and with no differences with respect to term PE.
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