Article
Cell Biology
Guo-Bang Li, Hong-Rong Hu, Wen-Feng Pan, Bo Li, Zhi-Ying Ou, Hui-Ying Liang, Cong Li
Summary: The study used metabolomic profiling to identify specific metabolic alterations in pediatric sepsis patients, constructed diagnostic models, and revealed metabolites that can distinguish between case and control subjects. Furthermore, significantly altered metabolites were found in sepsis survivors compared to non-survivors, and fatty acid metabolism may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sepsis.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sandi M. Azab, Meera Shanmuganathan, Russell J. de Souza, Zachary Kroezen, Dipika Desai, Natalie C. Williams, Katherine M. Morrison, Stephanie A. Atkinson, Koon K. Teo, Meghan B. Azad, Elinor Simons, Theo J. Moraes, Piush J. Mandhane, Stuart E. Turvey, Padmaja Subbarao, Philip Britz-McKibbin, Sonia S. Anand
Summary: Childhood obesity is associated with cardiometabolic disease. Metabolomics research found that serum metabolites are associated with early childhood overweight and adiposity. The relationship between metabolism and obesity is influenced by sex.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jianxin Song, Yiming Yan, Xiaodong Wang, Xihong Li, Ye Chen, Lu Li, Wenhan Li
Summary: This study analyzed fatty acids, amino acids, and organic acids in three colored quinoas (white, red, black) using untargeted and targeted metabolomics. Significant differences were found in the content of these compounds among the quinoas, with specific compounds characterizing each color variety. Principal component analysis was used to identify key components that differentiate the different quinoa colors.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sunil S. Adav, Yulan Wang
Summary: Metabolomics is a cutting-edge technology that provides a comprehensive quantitative profile of metabolites, offering insights into the aging process. Aging is a natural inevitable process influenced by genetics, metabolism, and environmental factors. Despite being relatively new in aging research, the integration of multi-omics data can help understand the complex aging process.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chao Chen, Guixue Hou, Chunwei Zeng, Yan Ren, Xiang Chen, Cong Peng
Summary: The study revealed significant alterations in the metabolism of amino acids and carnitines in patients with psoriasis. Particularly, the metabolism of essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, and L-carnitine may play key roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ou Sheng, Zhibin Yin, Wenjie Huang, Mengyu Chen, Mingyi Du, Qian Kong, Alisdair R. Fernie, Ganjun Yi, Shijuan Yan
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of genotype-associated carotenoid accumulation in bananas and highlights the impact of genotype on the levels of carotenoids and amino acids. These findings have important implications for the breeding of future high carotenoid banana cultivars.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anika K. Anam, Katherine M. Cooke, Milana Bochkur Dratver, Jane O'Bryan, Lauren E. Perley, Seth M. Guller, Janice J. Hwang, Hugh S. Taylor, Leigh Goedeke, Harvey J. Kliman, Daniel F. Vatner, Clare A. Flannery
Summary: Maternal obesity increases the risk of excess adiposity in newborns, which may be attributed to alterations in maternal metabolism such as hyperinsulinemia under euglycemic conditions, affecting placental metabolism and leading to increased fetal adiposity.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Travis Nemkov, Francesca Cendali, Davide Stefanoni, Janel L. Martinez, Kirk C. Hansen, Inigo San-Millan, Angelo D'Alessandro
Summary: This study aimed to explore the metabolic characteristics of elite athletes before and after exercise in a World Tour cycling race through metabolomics analysis. The results showed significant differences in blood metabolites between aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Additionally, similar metabolic features were observed during climbing and sprinting stages in the World Tour race, and an increase in fatty acid oxidation capacity was correlated with competitive performance.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Roland Wedekind, Joseph A. Rothwell, Vivian Viallon, Pekka Keski-Rahkonen, Julie A. Schmidt, Veronique Chajes, Vna Katzke, Theron Johnson, Maria Santucci de Magistris, Vittorio Krogh, Pilar Amiano, Carlotta Sacerdote, Daniel Redondo-Sanchez, Jose Maria Huerta, Anne Tjonneland, Pratik Pokharel, Paula Jakszyn, Rosario Tumino, Eva Ardanaz, Torkjel M. Sandanger, Anna Winkvist, Johan Hultdin, Matthias B. Schulze, Elisabete Weiderpass, Marc J. Gunter, Inge Huybrechts, Augustin Scalbert
Summary: Circulating levels of acylcarnitines (ACs) are influenced by various factors such as age, sex, diet, and fasting status. Different types of ACs are associated with corresponding fatty acids in plasma, specific food intake, and concentrations of branched-chain amino acids. Understanding the determinants of ACs can help interpret their associations with disease risk and provide insights into potential dietary and lifestyle factors for disease prevention.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jowy Yi Hoong Seah, Yueheng Hong, Anna Cichonska, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Simon Nusinovici, Tien Yin Wong, Ching-Yu Cheng, Pekka Jousilahti, Annamari Lundqvist, Markus Perola, Veikko Salomaa, E. Shyong Tai, Peter Wurtz, Rob M. van Dam, Xueling Sim
Summary: This study evaluated the associations between metabolic biomarkers and the risk of T2D in Asian and European populations. The results showed consistent associations between metabolic biomarkers across several biological pathways and the risk of T2D in both populations.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jian Zhao, Jing Zeng, Cairong Zhu, Xuechao Li, Dong Liu, Jun Zhang, Fei Li, Giovanni Targher, Jian-Gao Fan
Summary: This study used Mendelian randomization analysis to uncover a causal relationship between higher alanine and lower glutamine levels and an increased risk of developing MAFLD, providing potential targets for MAFLD prevention or treatment.
Article
Cell Biology
Chi-Jen Lo, Yu-Shien Ko, Su-Wei Chang, Hsiang-Yu Tang, Cheng-Yu Huang, Yu-Chen Huang, Hung-Yao Ho, Chih-Ming Lin, Mei-Ling Cheng
Summary: In a study involving 305 elderly Taiwanese subjects, a multivariate analysis identified associations between specific metabolites and muscle mass in men and women. While factors like blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and age were linked to muscle mass in men, only triglyceride levels showed association in women. Gender-specific metabolic signatures of muscle mass loss were also revealed, such as glutamate levels in women and alpha-aminoadipate, Dopa, and citrulline/ornithine levels in men.
Article
Reproductive Biology
Jong Geol Lee, Globinna Kim, Seul Gi Park, Jung-Min Yon, Jeonghun Yeom, Ha Eun Song, Seung-A Cheong, Joon Seo Lim, Young Hoon Sung, Kyunggon Kim, Hyun Ju Yoo, Eui-Ju Hong, Ki-Hoan Nam, Je Kyung Seong, Chong Jai Kim, Sang-Yoon Nam, In-Jeoung Baek
Summary: The placenta is characteristically activated in terms of lipid transport during primary placentation, and the lipid-related signatures closely reflect the functional state of the placenta.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Jiwon Lee, Kenya Costa-Dookhan, Kristoffer Panganiban, Nicole MacKenzie, Quinn Casuccio Treen, Araba Chintoh, Gary Remington, Daniel J. J. Mueller, Sanjeev Sockalingam, Philip Gerretsen, Marcos Sanches, Alla Karnovsky, Kathleen A. Stringer, Vicki L. L. Ellingrod, Ivy F. F. Tso, Stephan F. F. Taylor, Sri Mahavir Agarwal, Margaret K. K. Hahn, Kristen M. M. Ward
Summary: Psychosis spectrum disorders (PSDs) and other severe mental illnesses like bipolar disorder are associated with intrinsic metabolic abnormalities. Antipsychotics (APs), the main treatment for PSDs, can lead to additional metabolic issues including weight gain. This study used metabolomic profiles to identify biomarkers and explore the mechanisms of PSDs and AP-induced weight gain. The findings suggest that specific fatty acids may serve as biomarkers for PSDs and early predictors of AP-induced weight gain. These findings have important clinical implications for identifying individuals at risk and developing targeted treatments.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diren Beyoglu, Cedric Simillion, Federico Storni, Andrea De Gottardi, Jeffrey R. Idle
Summary: This study found that the metabolic characteristics of ascites fluid were associated with the severity of liver cirrhosis, with increased amino acids and decreased lipids. These findings have potential relevance for diagnostic purposes.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
K. Alaine Broadaway, Xianyong Yin, Alice Williamson, Victoria A. Parsons, Emma P. Wilson, Anne H. Moxley, Swarooparani Vadlamudi, Arushi Varshney, Anne U. Jackson, Vasudha Ahuja, Stefan R. Bornstein, Laura J. Corbin, Graciela E. Delgado, Om P. Dwivedi, Lilian Fernandes Silva, Timothy M. Frayling, Harald Grallert, Stefan Gustafsson, Liisa Hakaste, Ulf Hammar, Christian Herder, Sandra Herrmann, Kurt Hojlund, David A. Hughes, Marcus E. Kleber, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Ching-Ti Liu, Jian'an Luan, Anni Malmberg, Angela P. Moissl, Andrew P. Morris, Nikolaos Perakakis, Annette Peters, John R. Petrie, Michael Roden, Peter E. H. Schwarz, Sapna Sharma, Angela Silveira, Rona J. Strawbridge, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Andrew R. Wood, Peitao Wu, Bjorn Zethelius, Damiano Baldassarre, Johan G. Eriksson, Tove Fall, Jose C. Florez, Andreas Fritsche, Bruna Gigante, Anders Hamsten, Eero Kajantie, Markku Laakso, Jari Lahti, Deborah A. Lawlor, Lars Lind, Winfried Maerz, James B. Meigs, Johan Sundstrom, Nicholas J. Timpson, Robert Wagner, Mark Walker, Nicholas J. Wareham, Hugh Watkins, Ines Barroso, Stephen O'Rahilly, Niels Grarup, Stephen CJ. Parker, Michael Boehnke, Claudia Langenberg, Eleanor Wheeler, Karen L. Mohlke
Summary: Insufficient insulin secretion and increased proinsulin levels indicate beta-cell stress and insulin resistance. A meta-analysis of European-ancestry individuals identified 36 independent signals at 30 loci associated with fasting proinsulin. These loci are involved in various mechanisms that affect insulin processing and beta-cell function. Colocalization analysis provided potential candidate genes and regulatory mechanisms for proinsulin production and glucose regulation. This study highlights the importance of genetic studies for understanding disease predisposition.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ahmed Elhakeem, Justiina Ronkainen, Toby Mansell, Katherine Lange, Tuija M. M. Mikkola, Binisha H. H. Mishra, Rama J. J. Wahab, Tim Cadman, Tiffany Yang, David Burgner, Johan G. G. Eriksson, Marjo-Riitta Jaervelin, Romy Gaillard, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Terho Lehtimaeki, Olli T. T. Raitakari, Richard Saffery, Melissa Wake, John Wright, Sylvain Sebert, Deborah A. A. Lawlor
Summary: This study examined the associations between common pregnancy and perinatal complications and offspring metabolic traits using data from eight population-based cohort studies. The findings indicate that these complications are mainly associated with metabolic traits in newborns, with little evidence of long-term impact on older offspring.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ciarrah-Jane S. Barry, Venexia M. Walker, Rosa Cheesman, George Davey Smith, Tim T. Morris, Neil M. Davies
Summary: This article provides an overview of the methods commonly used in genetic epidemiology to estimate heritability. It covers family-based designs, genomic designs based on unrelated individuals, and family-based genomic designs. The article describes the estimation methods and assumptions for each method, and discusses the implications when these assumptions are not met. It also examines the benefits and limitations of estimating heritability within samples of unrelated individuals compared with samples of related individuals.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mitja Kurki, Juha Karjalainen, Priit Palta, Timo P. Sipila, Kati Kristiansson, Kati M. Donner, Mary P. Reeve, Hannele Laivuori, Mervi Aavikko, Mari A. Kaunisto, Anu Loukola, Elisa Lahtela, Hannele Mattsson, Paivi Laiho, Pietro Della Briotta Parolo, Arto A. Lehisto, Masahiro Kanai, Nina Mars, Joel Ramo, Tuomo Kiiskinen, Henrike O. Heyne, Kumar Veerapen, Sina Rueger, Susanna Lemmela, Wei Zhou, Sanni Ruotsalainen, Kalle Parn, Tero Hiekkalinna, Sami Koskelainen, Teemu Paajanen, Vincent Llorens, Javier Gracia-Tabuenca, Harri Siirtola, Kadri Reis, Abdelrahman G. Elnahas, Benjamin Sun, Christopher N. Foley, Katriina Aalto-Setala, Kaur Alasoo, Mikko Arvas, Kirsi Auro, Shameek Biswas, Argyro Bizaki-Vallaskangas, Olli Carpen, Chia-Yen Chen, Oluwaseun A. Dada, Zhihao Ding, Margaret G. Ehm, Kari Eklund, Martti Farkkila, Hilary Finucane, Andrea Ganna, Awaisa Ghazal, Robert R. Graham, Eric M. Green, Antti Hakanen, Marco Hautalahti, Asa K. Hedman, Mikko Hiltunen, Reetta Hinttala, Iiris Hovatta, Xinli Hu, Adriana Huertas-Vazquez, Laura Huilaja, Julie Hunkapiller, Howard Jacob, Jan-Nygaard Jensen, Heikki Joensuu, Sally John, Valtteri Julkunen, Marc Jung, Juhani Junttila, Kai Kaarniranta, Mika Kahonen, Risto Kajanne, Lila Kallio, Reetta Kalviainen, Jaakko Kaprio, Nurlan Kerimov, Johannes Kettunen, Elina Kilpelainen, Terhi Kilpi, Katherine Klinger, Veli-Matti Kosma, Teijo Kuopio, Venla Kurra, Triin Laisk, Jari Laukkanen, Nathan Lawless, Aoxing Liu, Simonne Longerich, Reedik Magi, Johanna Makela, Antti Makitie, Anders Malarstig, Arto Mannermaa, Joseph Maranville, Athena Matakidou, Tuomo Meretoja, Sahar Mozaffari, Mari E. K. Niemi, Marianna Niemi, Teemu Niiranen, George Okafo, Hanna M. Ollila, Antti Palomaki, Tuula Palotie, Jukka Partanen, Dirk S. Paul, Margit Pelkonen, Rion K. Pendergrass, Slave Petrovski, Anne Pitkaranta, Adam Platt, David Pulford, Eero Punkka, Pirkko Pussinen, Neha Raghavan, Fedik Rahimov, Deepak Rajpal, Nicole A. Renaud, Bridget Riley-Gillis, Rodosthenis Rodosthenous, Elmo Saarentaus, Aino Salminen, Eveliina Salminen, Veikko Salomaa, Johanna Schleutker, Raisa Serpi, Huei-yi Shen, Richard Siegel, Kaisa Silander, Sanna Siltanen, Sirpa Soini, Hilkka Soininen, Jae Hoon Sul, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Kaisa Tasanen, Pentti Tienari, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, Taru Tukiainen, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Joni A. Turunen, Jacob C. Ulirsch, Felix Vaura, Petri Virolainen, Jeffrey Waring, Dawn Waterworth, Robert Yang, Mari Nelis, Anu Reigo, Andres Metspalu, Lili Milani, Tonu Esko, Caroline Fox, Aki S. Havulinna, Markus Perola, Samuli Ripatti, Anu Jalanko, Tarja Laitinen, Tomi P. Makela, Robert Plenge, Mark McCarthy, Heiko Runz, Mark J. Daly, Aarno Palotie
Summary: Population isolates, like those in Finland, provide valuable insights for genetic research due to the concentration of deleterious alleles in low-frequency variants. FinnGen aims to study the genome and health data of 500,000 Finnish individuals, enabling the identification of new associations and the exploration of their implications for common diseases. The study identified 30 new associations and 2,733 genome-wide significant associations, highlighting the power of bottlenecked populations in uncovering disease biology.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Amanda Nurmi, Laura Pulkki-Raback, Pia Salo, Katja Pahkala, Markus Juonala, Nina Hutri-Kahonen, Mika Kahonen, Terho Lehtimaki, Eero Jokinen, Liisa Keltikangas-Jarvinen, Tomi P. Laitinen, Paivi Tossavainen, Leena Taittonen, Jorma S. A. Viikari, Olli T. Raitakari, Suvi P. Rovio
Summary: The study found that adverse childhood psychosocial factors are associated with midlife learning ability and memory. Specifically, poor self-regulatory behavior and social adjustment in childhood are related to poorer learning ability and memory 30 years later.
Article
Sport Sciences
Miia Lehtovirta, Feitong Wu, Suvi P. Rovio, Olli J. Heinonen, Tomi T. Laitinen, Harri Niinikoski, Hanna Lagstrom, Jorma S. A. Viikari, Tapani Ronnemaa, Antti Jula, Mika Ala-Korpela, Olli T. Raitakari, Katja Pahkala
Summary: Physical activity during adolescence is significantly associated with the metabolic profile, including serum lipoproteins, amino acids, and glucose metabolism. These results support recommendations for physical activity during adolescence to promote health and reduce future disease risks.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Sanna Palomaki, Tuomas Kukko, Kaisa Kaseva, Kasper Salin, Irinja Lounassalo, Xiaolin Yang, Suvi Rovio, Katja Pahkala, Terho Lehtimaki, Mirja Hirvensalo, Olli Raitakari, Tuija H. Tammelin
Summary: This study examined the long-term associations between parenthood-related factors and physical activity from young adulthood to midlife. Results showed that parents with children under 6 years old were less likely to be physically active than those without children. However, there was no difference in meeting the aerobic physical activity recommendation between parents with older children and childless individuals. The older the youngest child, the more likely the parents were to be physically active.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Si M. Fang, James Yarmolinsky, Dipender R. Gill, Caroline G. Bull, Claire Perks, George Davey Smith, Tom Gaunt, Tom Richardson
Summary: This study used drug target Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to evaluate the impact of drug targets associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) lowering therapies on the risk of prostate cancer (PrCa). The findings suggest that genetically proxied inhibition of PCSK9 is associated with a lower risk of total and early-onset PrCa, potentially through the regulation of Lp(a).
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jyrki Taurio, Elina J. Hautaniemi, Jenni K. Koskela, Arttu Eraranta, Mari Hamalainen, Antti Tikkakoski, Jarkko A. Kettunen, Mika Kahonen, Onni Niemela, Eeva Moilanen, Jukka Mustonen, Ilkka Porsti
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the influence of abdominal fat content, as judged by waist:height ratio, on blood pressure and hemodynamic profile. The results showed that individuals with higher waist:height ratios had higher blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and arterial stiffness. These findings suggest that obesity-related hypertension has similar characteristics to primary hypertension.
BMC CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amen Keshawarz, Roby Joehanes, Jiantao Ma, Gha Young Lee, Ricardo Costeira, Pei-Chien Tsai, Olatz M. Masachs, Jordana T. Bell, Rory Wilson, Barbara Thorand, Juliane Winkelmann, Annette Peters, Jakob Linseisen, Melanie Waldenberger, Terho Lehtimaeki, Pashupati P. Mishra, Mika Kahonen, Olli Raitakari, Mika Helminen, Carol A. Wang, Phillip E. Melton, Rae-Chi Huang, Craig E. Pennell, Therese A. O'Sullivan, Carolina Ochoa-Rosales, Trudy Voortman, Joyce B. J. van Meurs, Kristin L. Young, Misa Graff, Yujie Wang, Douglas P. Kiel, Caren E. Smith, Paul F. Jacques, Daniel Levy
Summary: Through meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies, we found significant associations between dietary and supplemental intake of vitamins C and E with DNA methylation. Vitamin C intake was associated with 4,656 CpG sites, while vitamin E intake was associated with 160 CpG sites. Vitamin C intake was found to be related to systems development and the immune response, while no significant associations were found for vitamin E intake with any biological pathways investigated.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tom G. Richardson, Helena Urquijo, Michael Holmes, George Davey Smith
Summary: By applying lifecourse Mendelian randomization to parental history data from the UK Biobank study, we evaluated the direct impact of childhood body size on 8 major disease endpoints. The findings suggest that the increased risk of heart disease and diabetes associated with childhood body size may be attributed to long-term overweight. Furthermore, remaining overweight throughout the lifecourse was found to increase the risk of lung cancer, partly mediated by lifetime smoking index. However, being overweight in childhood may have a protective effect on the risk of breast cancer.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Laurence J. Howe, Humaira Rasheed, Paul R. Jones, Dorret Boomsma, David M. Evans, Alexandros Giannelis, Caroline Hayward, John L. Hopper, Amanda Hughes, Hannu Lahtinen, Shuai Li, Penelope A. Lind, Nicholas G. Martin, Pekka Martikainen, Sarah E. Medland, Tim T. Morris, Michel G. Nivard, Jean-Baptiste Pingault, Karri Silventoinen, Jennifer A. Smith, Emily A. Willoughby, James F. Wilson, Bjorn Olav Asvold, Oyvind E. Naess, George Davey Smith, Jaakko Kaprio, Ben Brumpton, Neil M. Davies
Summary: Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies suggest that educational attainment has beneficial effects on adult health outcomes. However, these estimates may be biased due to population stratification, assortative mating, and indirect genetic effects. Using both population and within-sibship MR approaches, this study provides evidence that genetic liability to educational attainment is associated with decreased BMI, cigarette smoking, and SBP, and potentially with mortality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ville-Petteri Makinen, Johannes Kettunen, Terho Lehtimaki, Mika Kahonen, Jorma Viikari, Markus Perola, Veikko Salomaa, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Olli T. Raitakari, Mika Ala-Korpela
Summary: This observational study examines the complex temporal associations between body-mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and circulating metabolomics. It uses longitudinal and cross-sectional population-based datasets and new systems epidemiology tools. The results show that age-associated weight variation in adults between 24 and 49 manifests as temporal divergence in BMI and uniform progression of WHR.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
G. David Batty, Philipp Frank, Urho M. Kujala, Seppo J. Sarna, Carlos A. Valencia-Hernandez, Jaakko Kaprio
Summary: This study found that retired amateur athletes have a higher risk of dementia compared to the general population, with professional boxers having the highest risk. Retired wrestlers and soccer players also have an increased risk, although lower in magnitude. Furthermore, professional American football players may have a higher risk compared to amateurs.
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
George Davey Smith
LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
