Journal
CELLS
Volume 10, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells10123429
Keywords
extracellular vesicles; cancer; metastasis; tumor microenvironment; cellular communication
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Communication between cancer cells and stromal cells through extracellular vesicles plays a key role in promoting metastasis. Tumor-secreted EVs induce a pro-tumorigenic phenotype in non-malignant cells of the stroma, driving metastasis through various mechanisms. Targeting these EV-mediated signaling pathways may have therapeutic potential for developing biomarkers and novel treatment strategies.
Communication between cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in promoting metastasis, which is the major cause of cancer death. Small membrane-bound particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from both cancer and stromal cells and have a key role in mediating this communication through transport of cargo such as various RNA species (mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA), proteins, and lipids. Tumor-secreted EVs have been observed to induce a pro-tumorigenic phenotype in non-malignant cells of the stroma, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and local immune cells. These cancer-associated cells then drive metastasis by mechanisms such as increasing the invasiveness of cancer cells, facilitating angiogenesis, and promoting the formation of the pre-metastatic niche. This review will cover the role of EV-mediated signaling in the TME during metastasis and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways to develop biomarkers and novel treatment strategies.
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