Journal
CELLS
Volume 10, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells10112962
Keywords
ACLY; inflammation; macrophages; nuclear translocation; NF-kappa B; p65 acetylation; immunometabolism; gene expression; sepsis; PAMPs
Categories
Funding
- Science Foundation Ireland
- Italian Ministry of Education [102050101]
- university and research and FSC European funds [C31G19000020002]
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Macrophage stimulation by pathogen-associated molecular patterns drives a proinflammatory response through the activation of metabolic enzyme ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) and the subsequent NF-kappa B acetylation. The activation of ACLY leads to increased expression of proinflammatory genes, forming a proinflammatory loop involving SLC25A1 and ACLY genes.
Macrophage stimulation by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA) drives a proinflammatory phenotype and induces a metabolic reprogramming to sustain the cell's function. Nevertheless, the relationship between metabolic shifts and gene expression remains poorly explored. In this context, the metabolic enzyme ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), the producer of citrate-derived acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA), plays a critical role in supporting a proinflammatory response. Through immunocytochemistry and cytosol-nucleus fractionation, we found a short-term ACLY nuclear translocation. Protein immunoprecipitation unveiled the role of nuclear ACLY in NF-kappa B acetylation and in turn its full activation in human PBMC-derived macrophages. Notably, sepsis in the early hyperinflammatory phase triggers ACLY-mediated NF-kappa B acetylation. The ACLY/NF-kappa B axis increases the expression levels of proinflammatory genes, including SLC25A1-which encodes the mitochondrial citrate carrier-and ACLY, thus promoting the existence of a proinflammatory loop involving SLC25A1 and ACLY genes.
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