Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nils B. Kroemer
Summary: As most studies have mainly focused on the effects of insulin in the brain on men, there is limited understanding of metabolic changes during the menstrual cycle in women. Hummel et al. found that insulin sensitivity is reduced during the luteal phase through intranasal insulin administration and functional MRI.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Masahiro Matsubara, Yasuhisa Nakato, Eiichi Kondo
Summary: The use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) processing can enhance resistant starch (RS) levels in brown rice, promote gelatinization, eliminate foul odors, remove pollutants, and inactivate microbial contaminants effectively. This innovative process is simple, easily operable, environmentally friendly, and has great potential for application in food processing to maintain human health.
JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jose E. Galgani, Rodrigo Fernandez-Verdejo
Summary: Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are oxidized to produce ATP for energy, and the complex adaptive systems in the body adjust fuel oxidation rates based on fuel availability. Metabolic flexibility refers to the ability of cells, tissues, or organisms to adapt fuel oxidation to fuel availability, which can be impaired in conditions like insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. Mitochondrial dysfunction in these conditions has been linked to metabolic inflexibility and overall metabolic health.
Article
Physiology
Arthur Ingersen, Hildegunn Romma Helset, Monika Calov, Elizaveta Chabanova, Eva Gjerlevsen Harreskov, Christina Jensen, Christina Neigaard Hansen, Clara Prats, Jorn Wulff Helge, Steen Larsen, Flemming Dela
Summary: Alternate-day fasting can improve metabolic health in patients with obesity and T2DM by reducing visceral and liver fat deposits. However, it does not directly improve insulin secretion or sensitivity.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Faris F. Aba Alkhayl, Ahmad D. Ismail, Carlos Celis-Morales, John Wilson, Aleksandra Radjenovic, Lynsey Johnston, Paul Welsh, Naveed Sattar, Jason M. R. Gill, Tom Preston, Stuart R. Gray
Summary: The aim of this study was to compare the muscle protein synthesis and muscle and metabolic adaptations to resistance exercise between South Asian and white European adults. The results showed no difference in muscle protein synthesis between the two ethnicities, but South Asians had less favorable responses in body fat, metabolism, blood pressure, and upper body strength in response to resistance exercise. Further investigation is needed to understand these findings.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Candela Diaz-Canestro, Jiarui Chen, Yan Liu, Hao Han, Yao Wang, Eric Honore, Chi-Ho Lee, Karen S. L. Lam, Michael Andrew Tse, Aimin Xu
Summary: This study comprehensively investigates the molecular transducers responsible for the beneficial effects of chronic exercise in diabetes prevention. The results reveal that high-intensity interval exercise training can modulate hundreds of exercise-responsive proteins involved in metabolism, cardiovascular system, inflammation, and apoptosis. Strong associations are found between gastrointestinal mucosal immunity proteins and metabolic outcomes, and a set of differentially altered proteins can accurately predict individualized metabolic responsiveness to exercise training using a machine-learning algorithm.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Jaime Delgadillo-Velazquez, Herminia Mendivil-Alvarado, Carlos Daniel Coronado-Alvarado, Humberto Astiazaran-Garcia
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cells, particularly adipose tissue-derived EVs (ADEVs), may contribute to inflammatory responses and the development of metabolic diseases associated with obesity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carlos Henriquez-Olguin, Roberto Meneses-Valdes, Steffen H. Raun, Samantha Gallero, Jonas R. Knudsen, Zhencheng Li, Jingwen Li, Lykke Sylow, Enrique Jaimovich, Thomas E. Jensen
Summary: The study investigates the role of NOX2 in the interaction between diet-induced insulin resistance and exercise training in skeletal muscle. The results suggest that NOX2 deficiency worsens the effects of a high-fat diet on body weight, body composition, and glucose intolerance. Additionally, the lack of NOX2 activity during exercise training reduces several metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shamma Almuraikhy, Najeha Anwardeen, Asmma Doudin, Maha Sellami, Alexander Domling, Abdelali Agouni, Asmaa A. Al Thani, Mohamed A. Elrayess
Summary: Healthy non-obese insulin resistant individuals have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. Physical activity can lower insulin resistance, but the metabolic pathways involved are still unknown. This study analyzed data from 305 non-obese participants and found that active insulin resistant individuals showed differences in fatty acid metabolism, while sedentary insulin resistant individuals showed changes in glucose metabolism. These findings have important implications for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Rating: 8 out of 10.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Alexia Blandin, Isabelle Dugail, Gregory Hilairet, Maharajah Ponnaiah, Valentine Ghesquiere, Josy Froger, Simon Ducheix, Lionel Fizanne, Jerome Boursier, Bertrand Cariou, Marie Lhomme, Soazig Le Lay
Summary: This study aims to define the lipid signature of adipose extracellular vesicles (AdEVs) in healthy and obesity contexts using LC-MS/MS. The analysis reveals distinct lipid sorting in AdEVs compared to visceral adipose tissue (VAT), with enrichment of ceramides, sphingomyelins, and phospha-tidylglycerols species. Obesity affects the AdEV lipidome, reflecting changes observed in plasma and VAT, suggesting that the AdEV lipid species could serve as biomarker candidates or mediators of obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sheng Hu, Yong Hu, Wei Yan
Summary: Under physiological conditions, the body maintains metabolic homeostasis through interorgan communication, which is mediated by hormones, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs play a role in interorgan communication by encapsulating bioactive cargoes and have implications in cancer, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the latest research on EV biogenesis, secretion, and components, as well as their potential applications as diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders.
TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Erika Cione, Roberto Cannataro, Luca Gallelli, Giovambattista De Sarro, Maria Cristina Caroleo
Summary: Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that play a crucial role in cell-cell communication by delivering bioactive compounds to recipient cells. Exosome-miRNAs have been implicated in various diseases, especially in the progression of type 2 diabetes, particularly for pancreatic beta-cell injury and insulin resistance.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ilhame Diboun, Layla Al-Mansoori, Hend Al-Jaber, Omar Albagha, Mohamed A. Elrayess
Summary: This study compared the metabolic profiles of individuals with insulin resistance (IR) and insulin sensitivity (IS), finding that IR participants had increased androgenic steroids and microbiota byproducts, while IS participants had elevated levels of long-chain fatty acids. ROC analysis suggested that using metabolites selected by GLMNET provided better discriminatory performance for IR.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sriram Gubbi, Ranganath Muniyappa, Susmeeta T. Sharma, Shivraj Grewal, Raven McGlotten, Lynnette K. Nieman
Summary: Short-term administration of mifepristone improved adipose and hepatic insulin sensitivity in obese individuals with hyperglycemia but without hypercortisolism.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lijun Yin, Man Luo, Ru Wang, Jianping Ye, Xiaohui Wang
Summary: Androgens play a complex role in regulating insulin sensitivity, with decreased levels posing a risk for insulin resistance in men and excess levels contributing to insulin resistance in women with PCOS. Hormones like androgens and estrogens can induce mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, leading to ATP surplus and subsequently insulin resistance in diabetes. The hormone synergy-based view proposes a unified mechanism for the distinct metabolic roles of androgens in controlling insulin action in men with hypogonadism and women with PCOS.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sofiya Gancheva, Sabine Kahl, Dominik Pesta, Lucia Mastrototaro, Bedair Dewidar, Klaus Strassburger, Ehsan Sabah, Irene Esposito, Juergen Weiss, Theresia Sarabhai, Martin Wolkersdorfer, Thomas Fleming, Peter Nawroth, Marcel Zimmermann, Andreas S. Reichert, Matthias Schlensak, Michael Roden
Summary: Loss of hepatic mitochondrial adaptation characterizes NASH and type 2 diabetes or hepatic fibrosis and may thereby favor accelerated disease progression.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Theresia Sarabhai, Chrysi Koliaki, Lucia Mastrototaro, Sabine Kahl, Dominik Pesta, Maria Apostolopoulou, Martin Wolkersdorfer, Anna C. Bonner, Pavel Bobrov, Daniel F. Markgraf, Christian Herder, Michael Roden
Summary: This study compared the effects of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acid meals on insulin resistance. The results showed that saturated fatty acids (such as palmitate) had a more significant negative impact on insulin signaling and glucose metabolism.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nina Saatmann, Oana-Patricia Zaharia, Klaus Strassburger, Dominik Hans Pesta, Volker Burkart, Julia Szendroedi, Norbert Gerdes, Malte Kelm, Michael Roden
Summary: While endothelial function was similar across all groups, SIRD exhibited the lowest physical fitness. Interestingly, SAID showed the lowest cardiovascular risk within the first year after diabetes diagnosis compared to other diabetes subgroups.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Esther Seidel-Jacobs, Violetta Ptushkina, Klaus Strassburger, Andrea Icks, Oliver Kuss, Volker Burkart, Julia Szendroedi, Karsten Muessig, Kalman Bodis, Yanislava Karusheva, Oana-Patricia Zaharia, Michael Roden, Wolfgang Rathmann
Summary: The study found that socio-economic status (SES) is associated with glycaemic control in people with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, but not in those with type 2 diabetes. The complexity of diabetes therapy may explain the difference in the association between glycaemic control and SES in different types of diabetes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Haifa Maalmi, Alexander Strom, Agnese Petrera, Stefanie M. Hauck, Klaus Strassburger, Oliver Kuss, Oana-Patricia Zaharia, Gidon J. Boenhof, Wolfgang Rathmann, Sandra Trenkamp, Volker Burkart, Julia Szendroedi, Dan Ziegler, Michael Roden, Christian Herder
Summary: No established blood-based biomarker exists for monitoring diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) and evaluating treatment response. This study found that higher serum levels of neurofilament light chain (NFL) were associated with prevalent DSPN and nerve dysfunction in individuals recently diagnosed with diabetes. The findings suggest that NFL could be a potential biomarker for DSPN.
Article
Sport Sciences
Dominik Pesta, Jule Heieis, Olga Hand, Petra Frings-Meuthen, Katrin Marcus, Christoph S. Clemen, Ben Levine, Hesham Sadek, Fabian Hoffmann, Ulrich Limper, Jens Jordan, Wolfram Sies, Jens Tank, Jochen Zange, Joern Rittweger
Summary: This study aims to assess changes in muscle volume after exposure to low oxygen levels. The results indicate that low oxygen levels can lead to muscle loss in athletes, especially in proximal muscles. This has important implications for the training and performance of mountaineers.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Kerstin Griess, Michael Rieck, Nadine Muller, Gergely Karsai, Sonja Hartwig, Angela Pelligra, Robert Hardt, Caroline Schlegel, Jennifer Kuboth, Celina Uhlemeyer, Sandra Trenkamp, Kay Jeruschke, Jurgen Weiss, Leon Peifer-Weiss, Weiwei Xu, Sandra Cames, Xiaoyan Yi, Miriam Cnop, Mathias Beller, Holger Stark, Arun Kumar Kondadi, Andreas S. Reichert, Daniel Markgraf, Marianne Wammers, Dieter Haeussinger, Oliver Kuss, Stefan Lehr, Decio Eizirik, Heiko Lickert, Eckhard Lammert, Michael Roden, Dominic Winter, Hadi Al-Hasani, Doris Hoeglinger, Thorsten Hornemann, Jens C. Bruning, Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
Summary: Impaired proinsulin-to-insulin processing in pancreatic beta-cells is a key defective step in both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. This study reveals the roles of specific sphingolipid species and sphingolipid-binding proteins in beta-cell function and T2D-associated beta-cell failure.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yanislava Karusheva, Clive J. Petry, Nirmani Yasara, Dulani Kottahachchi, Anuja Premawardhena, Peter Barker, Keith Burling, Naveed Sattar, Paul Welsh, Sachith Mettananda, Stephen O'Rahilly
Summary: GDF15 is a stress-induced hormone that can act on the brain to reduce food intake and body weight, while affecting neuroendocrine function. GDF15 levels are significantly elevated in β-thalassaemia patients and show a curvilinear relationship with BMI. The negative correlation between GDF15 and IGF1 levels may reflect the neuroendocrine impact of GDF15 or an indirect effect via impaired nutritional state.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rens L. J. van Meijel, Lars M. M. Vliex, Sonja Hartwig, Stefan Lehr, Hadi Al-Hasani, Ellen E. Blaak, Gijs H. Goossens
Summary: This study found that hypoxia exposure alters the secretion of various myokines in human myotubes, but both acute and 7-day mild hypoxia exposure did not induce changes in plasma myokine concentrations in individuals with overweight and obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kalman Bodis, Maria Bombrich, Martin Schoen, Birgit Knebel, Oana-Patricia Zaharia, Gidon Boenhof, Yanislava Karusheva, Klaus Strassburger, Yuliya Kupriyanova, Joerg Kotzka, Rainer Guthoff, Vera Schrauwen-Hinderling, Hadi Al-Hasani, Volker Burkart, Julia Szendroedi, Robert Wagner, Daniel F. Markgraf, Michael Roden
Summary: The TM6SF2 polymorphism is associated with hepatocellular lipid content and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients, with diabetes-related metabolic alterations dominating over the effects of the polymorphism during the early course of the disease.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Friederike Thomasius, Dominik Pesta, Joern Rittweger
Summary: Despite 2 h of daily exercise training, muscle wasting and bone loss still occur after 6-month missions to the international space station. Space agencies are now considering pharmacological strategies to address this issue.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nina Saatmann, Martin Schoen, Oana-Patricia Zaharia, Maximilian Huttasch, Klaus Strassburger, Sandra Trenkamp, Yuliya Kupriyanova, Vera Schrauwen-Hinderling, Sabine Kahl, Volker Burkart, Robert Wagner, Michael Roden
Summary: This study found an association between lower thyroid function and increased risk of NAFLD in recent-onset diabetes patients. This association is mediated by insulin resistance and body weight regulation, particularly in men. However, no such relationship was found in type 1 diabetes patients.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bedair Dewidar, Lucia Mastrototaro, Cornelia Englisch, Claudia Ress, Cesare Granata, Elisabeth Rohbeck, Dominik Pesta, Geronimo Heilmann, Martin Wolkersdorfer, Irene Esposito, Michelle Reina Do Fundo, Fariba Zivehe, Aslihan Yavas, Michael Roden
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and the mechanisms related to obesity or diabetes. Findings showed that NAFLD exhibited higher steatosis and NAFLD activity at W8 and liver fibrosis at W16. Insulin sensitivity was significantly lower in diabetes, NAFLD, and obesity models. Hepatic mitochondria adapted to metabolic challenges by increasing fatty acid oxidation-driven respiration, which was linked to dysfunctional unfolded protein response, systemic oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and altered lipid metabolism.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Titiaan E. Post, Jan Schmitz, Cayla Denney, Riccardo De Gioannis, Henning Weis, Dominik Pesta, Andreas Peter, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Sven Haufe, Uwe Tegtbur, Petra Frings-Meuthen, Ann C. Ewald, Daniel Aeschbach, Jens Jordan
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether ingesting fructose could improve endurance and cognitive performance in humans under hypoxic conditions. The results showed that fructose intake did not acutely enhance exercise and cognitive performance during moderate hypoxia. Therefore, it is difficult for humans to replicate the hypoxia tolerance seen in naked mole rats through fructose metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
