Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anastasia V. Poznyak, Dmitry A. Kashirskikh, Vasily N. Sukhorukov, Vladislav Kalmykov, Andrey V. Omelchenko, Alexander N. Orekhov
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a major cause of serious cardiovascular disorders, and its pathogenesis involves multiple processes. Reverse transport of cholesterol is a mechanism that plays a protective role against atherosclerosis. Disordered cholesterol metabolism can result in dyslipidemia and early atherosclerosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xinbo Zhang, Jeffrey G. McDonald, Binod Aryal, Alberto Canfran-Duque, Emily L. Goldberg, Elisa Araldi, Wen Ding, Yuhua Fan, Bonne M. Thompson, Abhishek K. Singh, Qian Li, George Tellides, Jose Ordovas-Montanes, Rolando Garcia Milian, Vishwa Deep Dixit, Elina Ikonen, Yajaira Suarez, Carlos Fernandez-Hernando
Summary: Desmosterol, the most abundant cholesterol biosynthetic intermediate in human coronary artery lesions, plays an essential role during atherogenesis by integrating with macrophage cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory activation to dampen inflammation and protect from disease progression.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anastasia Poznyak, Larisa Litvinova, Paolo Poggio, Alexander N. Orekhov, Alexandra A. Melnichenko
Summary: Lipid metabolism alterations play a significant role in the development of atherosclerosis, and familial hypercholesterolaemia is a common cause associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Pierre C. Amarenco, Philippa S. Lavallee, Jong Kim, Julien Labreuche, Hugo Charles, Maurice Giroud, Byung-Chul Lee, Marie-Helene Mahagne, Elena Meseguer, Norbert Nighoghossian, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Eric Vicaut, Eric Bruckert, Treat Stroke Target Invest
Summary: This study investigated the effects of two different strategies for reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol on reducing cardiovascular risk. The results showed that among patients with a target LDL cholesterol level of <70 mg/dL, a reduction in LDL cholesterol of >50% from baseline significantly reduced the risk of the primary outcome.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kathryn M. Citrin, Carlos Fernandez-Hernando, Yajaira Suarez
Summary: MicroRNAs play a crucial role in regulating cholesterol metabolism and their effects on different cell types in atherosclerosis are significant and relevant.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hsiao-Li Chuang, Chien-Chao Chiu, Ching Lo, Cheng-Chih Hsu, Ju-Yun Liu, Shao-Wen Hung, Shih-Chieh Tsai, Hsiang-Hsuan Sung, Chi-Kuang Leo Wang, Yen-Te Huang
Summary: Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiac and peripheral vessel infarction in developed countries. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota and their metabolites play important roles in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the formation of endothelium plaque lesions in germ-free and specific-pathogen-free ApoE-deficient rats fed a normal chow diet at different time points. The results indicate that gut microbiota may attenuate the development of atherosclerosis.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eunhye Ji, Sahmin Lee
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death globally, with atherosclerosis identified as a main contributing factor. Research on antibodies targeting LDL levels and inflammatory cytokines has shown promise in treating cardiovascular diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alyann Otrante, Amal Trigui, Roua Walha, Hicham Berrougui, Tamas Fulop, Abdelouahed Khalil
Summary: EVOO intake improves cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL in elderly subjects by modulating the distribution of HDL subclasses, leading to enhanced anti-atherogenic activity of HDL.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Saba Soltani, Motahareh Boozari, Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: HDL plays a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases, while phytochemicals have the potential to enhance cholesterol efflux. Current research mostly focuses on preclinical studies, indicating a need for more clinical research to develop novel clinical applications.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Heng Li, Xiao-Hua Yu, Xiang Ou, Xin-Ping Ouyang, Chao-Ke Tang
Summary: NAFLD is a common chronic liver disease globally, with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. The liver plays a crucial role in cholesterol metabolism, and abnormal hepatic cholesterol metabolism can lead to NAFLD and drive the development of atherosclerosis.
PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ruo Man Wu, Chun Yan Wang, Jie Wang, Xiao Le Xu
Summary: This study found that paeoniflorin has potential therapeutic value for atherosclerosis by promoting reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and inhibiting inflammation. It reduced atherosclerosis, improved hyperlipidemia, and mitigated hepatic steatosis.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cheng Zhang, Xuewen Wu, Pengmin Shi, Hongyu Ma, Fei Fang, Qianlang Feng, Shuang Zhao, Ruipu Zhang, Jinyuan Huang, Xinting Xu, Weilie Xiao, Guang Cao, Xu Ji
Summary: In this study, it was found that diterpenoids from the traditional Chinese medicine Callicarpa rubella could effectively inhibit oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage foam cell formation by promoting cholesterol efflux, suggesting their potential as drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Lilli Arndt, Ileana Hernandez-Resendiz, Doreen Moos, Janine Dokas, Silvana Mueller, Franziska Jeromin, Richard Wagner, Uta Ceglarek, Iris M. Heid, Marcus Hoering, Gerhard Liebisch, Sonja C. Stadler, Ralph Burkhardt
Summary: This study demonstrates that deficiency of Trib1 promotes the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and increases plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Ldlr(-/-) mice. It also suggests that Trib1 deficiency alters hepatic lipid metabolism and induces inflammation.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Thomas J. Tucker, Mark W. Embrey, Candice Alleyne, Rupesh P. Amin, Alan Bass, Bhavana Bhatt, Elisabetta Bianchi, Danila Branca, Tjerk Bueters, Nicole Buist, Sookhee N. Ha, Mike Hafey, Huaibing He, John Higgins, Douglas G. Johns, Angela D. Kerekes, Kenneth A. Koeplinger, Jeffrey T. Kuethe, Nianyu Li, BethAnn Murphy, Peter Orth, Scott Salowe, Aurash Shahripour, Rodger Tracy, Weixun Wang, Chengwei Wu, Yusheng Xiong, Hratch J. Zokian, Harold B. Wood, Abbas Walji
Summary: The study has successfully designed highly potent orally bioavailable macrocyclic peptide PCSK9 inhibitors, demonstrating promising therapeutic effects in animal experiments, potentially as a future development of once-daily oral lipid-lowering agents.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Prakriti Gaba, Michelle L. O'Donoghue, Jeong-Gun Park, Stephen D. Wiviott, Dan Atar, Julia F. Kuder, KyungAh Im, Sabina A. Murphy, Gaetano M. De Ferrari, Zbigniew A. Gaciong, Kalman Toth, Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Francois Schiele, Francois Mach, Jose H. Flores-Arredondo, J. Antonio G. Lopez, Mary Elliott-Davey, Bei Wang, Maria Laura Monsalvo, Siddique Abbasi, Robert P. Giugliano, Marc S. Sabatine
Summary: This study found that long-term achievement of lower LDL-C levels (below 20 mg/dL) in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events without significant safety concerns.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Camilla M. Hoff, Jens Sorensen, Nana L. Christensen, Kirsten Bouchelouche, Lars Tolbod
Summary: The optimal tracer activity for 82Rb PET involves a trade-off between count statistics and detector saturation. This study found that reducing tracer activity to 740 MBq significantly reduced dead-time correction factors while producing reliable images. There was no systematic bias on absolute MBF observed between reduced activities and the standard 1110 MBq.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Ahmed Ludvigsen Al-Mashhadi, Henrik Cederleuf, Rasmus Kuhr Jensen, Torsten Holm Nielsen, Martin Bjerregard Pedersen, Thomas Bech Mortensen, Thomas Relander, Mats Jerkeman, Anne Ortved Gang, Anne Louise Kristensen, Michael Roost Clausen, Peter de Nully Brown, Marianne Tang Severinsen, Lasse Hjort Jakobsen, Fredrik Ellin, Tarec Christoffer El-Galaly
Summary: This study reports outcomes and prognostic factors in limited-stage nodal peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas (PTCLs) in a binational population-based setting. The study found that limited-stage PTCLs have poor survival rates after chemotherapy, but a subgroup of young patients without symptoms had very good outcomes. The choice of chemotherapy regimen did not significantly impact treatment outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Martin Bodtker Mortensen, Omar Dzaye, Hans Erik Botker, Jesper Moller Jensen, Michael Maeng, Jacob Fog Bentzon, Helle Kanstrup, Henrik Toft Sorensen, Jonathon Leipsic, Ron Blankstein, Khurram Nasir, Michael J. Blaha, Bjarne Linde Norgaard
Summary: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but its association with ASCVD risk is modified by the presence of coronary artery calcification (CAC). This study found that LDL-C is only associated with ASCVD events in patients with CAC, and not in those without CAC. This information is valuable for individualized risk assessment among middle-aged people with or without coronary atherosclerosis.
Editorial Material
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
David Lyse Overgaard, Lars Poulsen Tolbod, Lars Christian Gormsen, Michael Alle Madsen
Summary: A persistent left-sided superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare condition with a prevalence of 0.5% in the general population. It occurs when the left anterior cardinal vein fails to regress as the ligament of Marshall during embryologic development. Although usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, its recognition is important due to potential complications during invasive cardiovascular procedures. In this case report, we present an incidental finding of PLSVC in a patient referred for myocardial perfusion imaging using O-15-H2O PET/CT.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mads Ryo Jochumsen, David Lyse Overgaard, Mikkel Holm Vendelbo, Michael Alle Madsen, Lars Poulsen Tolbod, Lars Christian Gormsen, Trine Orhoj Barkholt
Summary: The study examined extracardiac coincidental findings with increased perfusion using O-15-H2O PET MPI and found various malignant and benign conditions. It recommends evaluating the summed O-15-H2O PET images along with low-dose CT attenuation images.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Emiel P. C. van der Vorst, Sanne L. Maas, Kosta Theodorou, Linsey J. F. Peters, Han Jin, Timo Rademakers, Marion J. Gijbels, Mat Rousch, Yvonne Jansen, Christian Weber, Michael Lehrke, Corinna Lebherz, Daniela Yildiz, Andreas Ludwig, Jacob F. Bentzon, Erik A. L. Biessen, Marjo M. P. C. Donners
Summary: This study demonstrates that endothelial ADAM10 plays a protective role in the development of murine atherosclerosis, primarily by limiting inflammation induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). The findings provide novel opportunities for treating atherosclerosis progression, but caution should be exercised when considering the use of ADAM10 inhibitors for therapy in other diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kimberley R. G. Cortenbach, Daniel Morales Cano, Jelena Meek, Mark A. J. Gorris, Alexander H. J. Staal, Mangala Srinivas, I. Jolanda M. de Vries, Jacob Fog Bentzon, Roland R. J. van Kimmenade
Summary: This study investigated immune cells and subsets in different stages of coronary artery disease using a novel mIHC technique. The results showed increased numbers of CD3+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, CD68+ macrophages, CD15+ neutrophils, and CD31+ endothelial cells in diseased coronary arteries compared to normal. The type of immune response did not differ substantially between different stages of plaque development.
IJC HEART & VASCULATURE
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Esmeralda A. Lewis, Rocio Muniz-Anquela, Ibon Redondo-Angulo, Leticia Gonzalez-Cintado, Veronica Labrador-Cantarero, Jacob F. Bentzon
Summary: This study found that LDL retention is the main limiting factor for LDL accumulation in the arterial wall. However, the capacity for LDL retention varies significantly over relatively short distances. The inner curvature region of the aortic arch consists of dorsal and ventral zones with high retention capacity and a central zone with low retention capacity. These features predict the temporal pattern of atherosclerosis.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jeyanthini Risikesan, Sara Heeboll, Indumathi Kumarathas, Kristian L. Funck, Esben Sondergaard, Rakel F. Johansen, Steffen Ringgaard, Lars P. Tolbod, Mogens Johannsen, Helle L. Kanstrup, Henning Gronbaek, Jan Frystyk, Lars C. Gormsen, Soren Nielsen
Summary: This study found that obese subjects with MAFLD have different myocardial free fatty acids oxidation (MOFFA), very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (VLDL-TG) secretion, hepatic FFA utilization, and lactate production compared to obese subjects without MAFLD during exercise.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hendrik J. Harms, Tor Clemmensen, Sara Rosengren, Lars Tolbod, Bjoern Pilebro, Gerhard Wikstrom, Sven-Olof Granstam, Tanja Kero, Marcelo Di Carli, Steen Hvitfeldt Poulsen, Jens Sorensen
Summary: This study aims to investigate the characteristics of right ventricular myocardial blood flow in cardiac amyloidosis and its relationship with cardiac pressures and prognosis.
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Thien Vinh Luong, Erik Nguyen Nielsen, Lise Falborg, Mette Louise Gram Kjaerulff, Lars Poulsen Tolbod, Esben Sondergaard, Niels Moller, Ole Lajord Munk, Lars Christian Gormsen
Summary: This study used positron emission tomography (PET) to investigate the uptake and tissue kinetics of the ketone tracer (R)-[1-C-11]beta-hydroxybutyrate -([C-11]OHB) in the human body. The results showed that intravenous administration of [C-11]OHB resulted in high uptake in the heart, liver, and kidneys, while oral ingestion led to rapid appearance in the blood and uptake in the heart, liver and kidneys. The study suggests that [C-11]OHB may serve as a safe and non-invasive imaging tool for exploring ketone metabolism in organs and tissues.
EJNMMI RADIOPHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nana L. Christensen, Jonny Nordstroem, Simon Madsen, Michael A. Madsen, Lars C. Gormsen, Tanja Kero, Mark Lubberink, Lars P. Tolbod
Summary: This study examined the ability of image readers to detect and correct patient motion in cardiac 15O-water PET imaging. The results showed that frame-by-frame motion correction can reduce motion artifacts and the impact of motion correction on clinical patient exams is limited.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jelena Jelicic, Karen Juul-Jensen, Zoran Bukumiric, Michael Roost Clausen, Ahmed Ludvigsen Al-Mashhadi, Robert Schou Pedersen, Christian Bjorn Poulsen, Peter Brown, Tarec Christoffer El-Galaly, Thomas Stauffer Larsen
Summary: This study validated and compared different IPI-like variations in DLBCL patients, and found that NCCN-IPI has the highest predictive accuracy for survival in newly diagnosed patients.
BLOOD CANCER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sara Rosengren, Tor Skibsted Clemmensen, Steen Hvitfeldt Poulsen, Lars Tolbod, Hendrik Harms, Gerhard Wikstroem, Tanja Kero, Bertil Thyrsted Ladefoged, Jens Soerensen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and myocardial external efficiency (MEE) from C-11-acetate positron emission tomography (PET) in cardiac amyloidosis (CA) patients. The results showed that reduced MEE was associated with shorter survival in CA patients, while the ratio of C-11-acetate PET-derived forward stroke volume (FSV) and left ventricular mass (LVM) (FSV/LVM) was the strongest survival predictor. These findings suggest that C-11-acetate PET parameters can serve as important indicators for prognosis assessment in CA patients.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Peter Loof Moller, Palle Duun Rohde, Jonathan Nortoft Dahl, Laust Dupont Rasmussen, Samuel Emil Schmidt, Louise Nissen, Victoria Mcgilligan, Jacob F. Bentzon, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Kari Stefansson, Hilma Holm, Simon Winther, Morten Bottcher, Mette Nyegaard
Summary: The study investigated whether polygenic risk scores and targeted proteomics improve the prediction of absence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with chest pain. The results showed that incorporating targeted proteomics and polygenic risk scores substantially improved the ability to predict the absence of CAD in patients with low-intermediate CAD risk.
CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE
(2023)