Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 10, Issue 12, Pages 6636-6640Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d1ta10517e
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51772086, 51872087, 51971089]
- Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province [2018JJ2038, 2020JJ5021]
- Major Science and Technology Program of Changsha [kq1804010]
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By introducing melamine (Mel) to stabilize the zinc anode, a stable electrical double layer (EDL) structure is obtained, which prevents side reactions and facilitates uniform zinc deposition, leading to excellent performance in zinc batteries and zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors.
Zinc anodes have been troubled with serious side reactions and uncontrollable dendrite growth, which is attributed to the unstable electrical double layer (EDL) structure. Herein, a nitrogen-based organic compound named melamine (Mel) is introduced for the first time into 2 M ZnSO4 solution for stabilizing the Zn anode. It is found that protonated Mel (MelH(+)) is the predominant species in the ZnSO4 electrolyte instead of Mel itself. In the presence of MelH(+), a stable EDL structure is obtained near the Zn anode surface, which inhibits side reactions between the electrolyte and the Zn anode. In addition, the positively charged MelH(+) can regulate the diffusion of Zn2+ ions, thus inducing uniform Zn deposition. Consequently, the Mel/ZnSO4 electrolyte enables Zn|Zn symmetrical cells to exhibit an ultralong cycle life of 3000 hours and Zn|Cu half-cells to deliver a high average coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.7% for 1200 cycles (1200 hours). Moreover, excellent performance is also demonstrated in Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSs) using activated carbon cloth as a cathode.
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