Polymeric Composite of Magnetite Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Application in Biomedicine: A Review

A broad spectrum of nanomaterials has been investigated for multiple purposes in recent years. Some of these studied materials are magnetics nanoparticles (MNPs). Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are MNPs that have received extensive attention because of their physicochemical and magnetic properties and their ease of combination with organic or inorganic compounds. Furthermore, the arresting of these MNPs into a cross-linked matrix known as hydrogel has attracted significant interest in the biomedical field. Commonly, MNPs act as a reinforcing material for the polymer matrix. In the present review, several methods, such as co-precipitation, polyol, hydrothermal, microemulsion, and sol-gel methods, are reported to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles with controllable physical and chemical properties that suit the required application. Due to the potential of magnetite-based nanocomposites, specifically in hydrogels, processing methods, including physical blending, in situ precipitation, and grafting methods, are introduced. Moreover, the most common characterization techniques employed to study MNPs and magnetic gel are discussed.

Automated summary

In recent years, a wide range of nanomaterials, including magnetic nanoparticles, have been extensively studied for various purposes. Iron oxide nanoparticles and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have attracted significant attention due to their physicochemical and magnetic properties, as well as their compatibility with organic or inorganic compounds. The incorporation of these nanoparticles into hydrogels has garnered interest in the field of biomedicine. This review discusses various synthesis methods for magnetite nanoparticles and introduces different processing techniques for magnetite-based nanocomposites in hydrogels. The characterization techniques commonly used to study magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic gels are also discussed.