Article
Immunology
Lauri E. Markowitz, John T. Schiller
Summary: HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing HPV-attributable cancers and have been introduced into national immunization programs in over 100 countries. The success of these vaccines has sparked interest in ambitious disease reduction goals.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kalyani Sonawane, Yueh-Yun Lin, Haluk Damgacioglu, Yenan Zhu, Maria E. Fernandez, Jane R. Montealegre, Cecilia Ganduglia Cazaban, Ruosha Li, David R. Lairson, Ying Lin, Anna R. Giuliano, Ashish A. Deshmukh
Summary: By analyzing data from the National Immunization Survey and Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System from 2015 to 2018, it was found that parents' safety concerns regarding the HPV vaccine have increased, while trends in adverse event reporting have not changed significantly. These findings suggest an urgent need to address caregivers' safety concerns in order to increase HPV vaccine confidence.
Article
Immunology
Supitcha Kamolratanakul, Punnee Pitisuttithum
Summary: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, with 15 HPV types related to various cancers. HPV vaccines have been proven to be safe and highly effective in preventing HPV infections and associated cancers, especially among young women. The different types of HPV vaccines have shown similar efficacy in protecting against certain HPV types, with the nonavalent vaccine offering additional protection against more types. HPV vaccination has also been shown to provide herd protection and reduce the prevalence of HPV-related cancers.
Review
Immunology
Lauri E. Markowitz, Melanie Drolet, Rayleen M. Lewis, Philippe Lemieux-Mellouki, Norma Perez, Mark Jit, Julia M. Brotherton, Gina Ogilvie, Aimee R. Kreimer, Marc Brisson
Summary: This study provides a systematic literature review on the effectiveness of HPV vaccines. It highlights the biases in observational studies and the need for further research to obtain valid effectiveness estimates.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sunny Jung Kim, Jenna E. Schiffelbein, Inger Imset, Ardis L. Olson
Summary: This study found that evidence-based messages in social media can effectively change parents' attitudes and behavioral intentions towards HPV vaccination. Messages that provide scientific evidence and correct misinformation are particularly effective in promoting positive perceptions of the HPV vaccine.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Katarzyna Smolarczyk, Anna Duszewska, Slawomir Drozd, Slawomir Majewski
Summary: The study reveals that parents in Poland have low knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccines, with only 49.4% providing correct answers. Parents' attitudes are influenced solely by knowledge and education.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mallory K. Ellingson, Hassan Sheikha, Kate Nyhan, Carlos R. Oliveira, Linda M. Niccolai
Summary: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are most effective when administered at younger ages, preventing infections prior to natural exposure. A systematic review of HPV vaccine effectiveness studies published between 2007 and 2022 found that the highest vaccine effectiveness was observed in the youngest age group. Vaccine effectiveness estimates ranged from approximately 74% to 93% for younger adolescents ages 9-14 years and from 12% to 90% for adolescents ages 15-18 years. These findings emphasize the importance of on-time vaccination for optimal protection against HPV-related diseases.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Alpamys Issanov, Mohammad Ehsanul Karim, Gulzhanat Aimagambetova, Trevor J. B. Dummer
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the association between HPV vaccination and HPV-related cancers among US adults. While no statistically significant association was found, the results suggest that vaccinated adults may have lower odds of developing HPV-related cancers.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tuhina Srivastava, Katharine J. Head, Sean M. O'Dell, Kristen A. Feemster, Catherine A. Panozzo, Gregory D. Zimet, Melanie L. Kornides
Summary: HPV vaccination rates are not ideal in the United States. A study differentiated characteristics of mothers with high intent from those who already vaccinated their adolescents. This study found that clinicians can improve HPV vaccination uptake by giving repeated, high-quality recommendations to parents. Perceived social norms may also play a role in vaccine uptake.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sz-An Tsai, Chun-Yi Lu, Tzu- Chen, Shih-Pei Huang, Yong-Chen Chen
Summary: This study examined the incidence of serious adverse events after HPV vaccination among Taiwanese girls and found no significant increased risk associated with the vaccine.
Article
Immunology
Nchang'wa Nhumba, Bruno Sunguya
Summary: Cervical cancer is a major health issue in Tanzania, and the HPV vaccine is an effective intervention. However, the uptake of the second dose of the vaccine is low, with factors such as age, attitude, and awareness influencing the uptake.
Review
Virology
Anna-Lise Williamson
Summary: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for 5% of cancers, including cervical cancer, penile cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, anal cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer. HPV-16 is the most carcinogenic type, while there is sufficient evidence linking types 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59 to cervical cancer. HPV vaccines are based on the L1 protein, which induces type-specific neutralizing antibodies. There are six licensed prophylactic HPV vaccines available, targeting HPV types 16 and 18 that are associated with the majority of cervical cancers.
Article
Immunology
Trisha L. Amboree, Kalyani Sonawane, Ashish A. Deshmukh, Jane R. Montealegre
Summary: Despite having regular healthcare providers, racial/ethnic minorities still have significantly lower levels of knowledge about HPV. Compared to Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and other racial/ethnic minorities have lower odds of having heard of HPV and the HPV vaccine. Addressing disparities in health information and improving provider-patient communication on HPV and the HPV vaccine is necessary based on the data presented.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yuan Ding, Tingbo Fu, Wenbin Zhou, Xiaobo Zhang, Ruying Wang, Huiying Liao
Summary: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer, and HPV vaccination is considered effective for prevention. This study reports a case where a young woman developed myasthenia gravis (MG) after receiving the Gardasil HPV 9-valent vaccine. The symptoms improved after treatment, but there is currently no direct evidence establishing a causal relationship between the vaccine and MG.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
John R. Su, Michael M. McNeil, Kerry J. Welsh, Paige L. Marquez, Carmen Ng, Ming Yan, Maria Cano
Summary: A thorough analysis of myopericarditis reports to a national vaccine safety surveillance system in the United States revealed that most cases involved males with symptoms occurring within two weeks post-vaccination. Smallpox and anthrax vaccines were the most commonly reported vaccines associated with myopericarditis.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kensuke Shoji, Shinya Tsuzuki, Takayuki Akiyama, Nobuaki Matsunaga, Yusuke Asai, Setsuko Suzuki, Noriko Iwamoto, Takanori Funaki, Masaki Yamada, Nobuaki Ozawa, Koushi Yamaguchi, Isao Miyairi, Norio Ohmagari
Summary: This retrospective observational study examined the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 in Japan, revealing differences in the effects of the Delta and Omicron variants. The study also identified that onset during the later stage of pregnancy and during the Delta variant period were independently associated with moderate-to-severe COVID-19, while receiving two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was protective against developing moderate-to-severe COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Akira Endo, Yusuke Asai, Taichi Tajima, Mio Endo, Takayuki Akiyama, Nobuaki Matsunaga, Haruhiko Ishioka, Shinya Tsuzuki, Norio Ohmagari
Summary: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on microbial infections and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has not been fully described. This study used data from the Japan Surveillance for Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology (J-SIPHE) to assess changes in AMR-related metrics before and after the start of the pandemic. The study found a decrease in microbial infections in 2020, driven by reduced bed occupancy, but the incidence remained constant or slightly increased after adjusting for bed occupancy. The incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae decreased significantly from April 2020, likely due to non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19. Antimicrobial use showed a weak increasing trend, while hand sanitizer use in medical institutions increased by about 50% in 2020 compared to 2019.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yumi Matsushita, Tetsuji Yokoyama, Kayoko Hayakawa, Nobuaki Matsunaga, Hiroshi Ohtsu, Sho Saito, Mari Terada, Setsuko Suzuki, Shinichiro Morioka, Satoshi Kutsuna, Shinya Tsuzuki, Hisao Hara, Akio Kimura, Norio Ohmagari
Summary: The aim of this study was to compare the impact of sex and age on the severity of COVID-19, and the results showed that the risk for men was equivalent to being 11.2 years older than women. Sex difference has a significant impact on the severity of COVID-19, and therefore, more attention should be paid to predict the risk of COVID-19 severity and formulate public health policy accordingly.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yusuke Asai, Shinya Tsuzuki, Nobuaki Matsunaga, Norio Ohmagari
Summary: This study analyzed the treatment trends of COVID-19 and found regional differences in the use of steroids and favipiravir. The proportion of steroid use increased nationwide, while the use of favipiravir showed a decreasing trend. Registry studies play an important role in the real-time monitoring of medication status and trend analysis.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Michiyo Suzuki, Kayoko Hayakawa, Yusuke Asai, Mari Terada, Koji Kitajima, Shinya Tsuzuki, Ataru Moriya, Kyoji Moriya, Fukumi Uchiyama-Nakamura, Norio Ohmagari
Summary: The study investigated the implementation rate and pathogen detection rate of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in COVID-19 patients in Japan. The results showed that influenza, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and group A streptococcus were the most common pathogens detected. RDTs remain important for testing coinfection with other pathogens in COVID-19 patients.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kensuke Shoji, Yusuke Asai, Takayuki Akiyama, Shinya Tsuzuki, Nobuaki Matsunaga, Setsuko Suzuki, Noriko Iwamoto, Takanori Funaki, Isao Miyairi, Norio Ohmagari
Summary: The clinical efficacy of remdesivir in children with COVID-19 is uncertain. A propensity-score-matched retrospective cohort study found that the rate of fever resolution on Day 4 was higher in the remdesivir group compared to the non-remdesivir group, although the difference was not statistically significant (86.7% vs 73.3%, P = 0.333).
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Keiji Nakamura, Kayoko Hayakawa, Shinya Tsuzuki, Satoshi Ide, Hidetoshi Nomoto, Takato Nakamoto, Gen Yamada, Kei Yamamoto, Norio Ohmagari
Summary: This study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics, prognosis, and predictors of 7-day mortality in older adults with community-acquired, healthcare-associated, and hospital-onset bacteremia. The results showed that the epidemiology of bacteremia differs among older people, highlighting the need for a careful approach in managing bacteremia in this vulnerable population.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
S. Morioka, S. Tsuzuki, T. Maruki, M. Terada, Y. Miyazato, S. Kutsuna, S. Saito, Y. Shimanishi, K. Takahashi, M. Sanada, S. Ashida, M. Akashi, C. Kuge, Y. Osanai, K. Tanaka, M. Suzuki, K. Hayakawa, N. Ohmagari
Summary: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study investigated the epidemiology of post-COVID conditions beyond 12 months and identified factors associated with the persistence of each condition. Among the recovered COVID-19 patients, over one-fourth had at least one symptom at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after recovery.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Shinya Tsuzuki, Fumiko Murata, Megumi Maeda, Yusuke Asai, Ryuji Koizumi, Norio Ohmagari, Haruhisa Fukuda
Summary: The study aimed to examine the association between seasonal influenza vaccination and antimicrobial use in Japan, as well as the impact of influenza vaccination on the frequency of unnecessary antimicrobial prescription for upper respiratory infection. The results showed that seasonal influenza vaccination was associated with lower frequencies of unnecessary antibiotic prescription and healthcare facility consultation.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Taito Kitano, Shinya Tsuzuki, Ryuji Koizumi, Kensuke Aoyagi, Yusuke Asai, Yoshiki Kusama, Norio Ohmagari
Summary: This study analyzes data from the 47 prefectures of Japan and finds that the geographical variation of antimicrobial use (AMU) is associated with the proportion of female individuals, education level, and the number of diagnoses related to upper respiratory infections.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Shogo Otake, Yoshiki Kusama, Shinya Tsuzuki, Shota Myojin, Makoto Kimura, Naohiro Kamiyoshi, Toru Takumi, Akihito Ishida, Masashi Kasai
Summary: The study found that a facility-specific guideline was less effective than a nudge-based antimicrobial stewardship program in reducing oral third-generation cephalosporin prescriptions in Primary Emergency Medical Centers (PECs).
PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Yoko Tsuzuki, Takumi Hirata, Shinya Tsuzuki, Shinichiro Wada, Akiko Tamakoshi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether the experience level of the first assistant surgeon affects perioperative organ injuries in patients undergoing TLH for benign diseases. The results showed that the inclusion of a less experienced first assistant, when there is an experienced primary surgeon, does not negatively impact the occurrence of perioperative organ injuries.
ARCHIVES OF GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS
(2023)
