Review
Fisheries
M. Frost, K. Diele
Summary: This study emphasizes the importance of identifying and maintaining spawning grounds for herring in Scotland, particularly on the west coast. The research highlights the lack of knowledge regarding the exact location and environmental status of historic and contemporary spawning grounds, and calls for including these essential habitats in herring management plans.
REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Thibault Datry, Amelie Truchy, Julian D. Olden, Michelle H. Busch, Rachel Stubbington, Walter K. Dodds, Sam Zipper, Songyan Yu, Mathis L. Messager, Jonathan D. Tonkin, Kendra E. Kaiser, John C. Hammond, Eric K. Moody, Ryan M. Burrows, Romain Sarremejane, Amanda G. DelVecchia, Megan L. Fork, Chelsea J. Little, Richard H. Walker, Annika W. Walters, Daniel Allen
Summary: Intermittent rivers are the predominant type of running waters on Earth, and human-induced flow intermittence (AFI) has unique hydrological and biological impacts. This review examines the causes and alterations of drying in AFI compared to natural flow intermittence (NFI), evaluates the differences in biodiversity responses, ecological functions, and ecosystem services between the two, and highlights knowledge gaps and management needs related to AFI.
Article
Ecology
Wendy Katagi, Nate Butler, Anthony Keith, Shelly Backlar, Bruce Orr
Summary: Ecological restoration in the Los Angeles River watershed is making progress with support from diverse stakeholder groups. Pilot projects have shown the potential for habitat restoration and enhancement, generating increased interest and financial support. This positive feedback cycle can lead to further implementation and socioecological co-benefits.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Elizabeth Ruby Hawkins, Bruce Alistair Lankford
Summary: This Perspective argues for expanding the conventional concepts of river biomes to incorporate the social understanding of 'biomes' as living systems with distinct ecological and biological signatures. The authors examine recent interpretations of river biomes and speculate on the social understanding through debates on gut and soil microbiomes. They propose defining the river biome as a living aquatic ecosystem with unique characteristics shaped by macro- and micro-biotic signatures. Enhancing public understanding of complex natural systems is crucial for policy, funding, research, and communication.
RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Jatdilok Titioatchasai, Komwit Surachat, Ekkalak Rattanachot, Piyalap Tuntiprapas, Jaruwan Mayakun
Summary: Seagrass ecosystems are declining worldwide, and restoration efforts are being conducted to restore the ecosystem services provided by seagrasses. This study assessed a restored seagrass ecosystem using environmental DNA and found that transplanted seagrass meadows can successfully establish and provide habitat for fauna and microbes.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
John L. Orrock, Lars A. Brudvig, Ellen I. Damschen, W. Brett Mattingly, Jennyffer Cruz, Joseph W. Veldman, Philip G. Hahn, Angela L. Larsen-Gray
Summary: Ecological restoration is crucial for preserving biodiversity in the face of global changes. A long-term experiment in longleaf pine savannas showed that seed additions and climatic variations significantly impacted plant establishment and persistence, highlighting the importance of considering these factors in future restoration and conservation efforts.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marjorie Pereira, Joe Greet, Christopher S. Jones
Summary: The study showed that the soil seedbanks of in-channel geomorphic features were dominated by flood tolerant and native taxa, while floodplains were generally associated with flood intolerant and exotic taxa. The dominance of native flood tolerant taxa in the soil seedbanks of in-channel features suggests these seedbanks can play an important role in the resilience of native riparian plant communities. Given these conditions, environmental flows are likely to have a positive impact on maintaining native riparian plant communities.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biology
Luc Gnacadja, Adriana Vidal
Summary: This article presents the reflections of the 2021 Chair and the IUCN Coordinator of the Science Task Force of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration on how science can contribute to achieving the Decade's objectives.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Pedro J. Bergamo, Marina Wolowski, Leandro R. Tambosi, Edenise Garcia, Kayna Agostini, Lucas A. Garibaldi, Tiffany M. Knight, Eimear Nic Lughadha, Paulo E. A. M. Oliveira, Marcia C. M. Marques, Pietro K. Maruyama, Marcia M. Maues, Alberto K. Oppata, Andre R. Rech, Antonio M. Saraiva, Felipe D. S. Silva, Gizele Sousa, Rodrigo Y. Tsukahara, Isabela G. Varassin, Blandina F. Viana, Leandro Freitas
Summary: Crop pollination is a crucial factor in agricultural production, with varying benefits depending on the level of pollinator-dependent crops and biodiversity. Municipalities with greater crop pollination demand may face vegetation deficit issues, especially in large properties with monocultures. Ecological restoration and vegetation conservation can play a key role in promoting crop productivity and ensuring food security in small properties. Land-use management policies based on legal requirements may successfully enhance agricultural sustainability and crop production.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Tianyuan Zhu, Shuming Zhang, Yubo Wang, Cuiping Wang, Haowei Wang
Summary: Ecosystem protection and restoration should consider interrelated ecosystems. A study in Anxi County, China, constructed an integrated assessment system and identified ecosystem health levels, leading to tailored ecosystem restoration pathways.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Vivienne P. Groner, Jessica J. Williams, Richard G. Pearson
Summary: Biodiversity plays a crucial role in providing ecosystem services, but the contribution of rare and endangered species (RES) to these services is unclear. A systematic review found a lack of quantitative research on the role of RES in agricultural production, which is a major driver of biodiversity change. Further research is urgently needed to inform conservation and agricultural policies.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Aaron M. Eger, Hannah S. Earp, Kim Friedman, Yasmine Gatt, Valerie Hagger, Boze Hancock, Ratchanee Kaewsrikhaw, Elizabeth Mcleod, Abigail Mary Moore, Holly J. Niner, Frida Razafinaivo, Ana Sousa, Milica Stankovic, Thomas A. Worthington, Elisa Bayraktarov, Megan Saunders, Adriana Verges, Simon Reeves
Summary: Marine ecosystems have been utilized and managed by human populations for centuries, leading to ecosystem degradation. The lack of a unified data recording framework for marine restoration projects hinders tracking progress and assessing global effectiveness. Establishing such a framework would advance restoration methodologies and global understanding.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Trevyn A. Toone, Sam J. Ahler, Julie E. Larson, Justin C. Luong, Francisco Martinez-Baena, Carlos A. Ordonez-Parra, Mateus C. Silva, Isabelle B. C. van der Ouderaa
Summary: This article focuses on the disparities and risks faced by LGBTQ+ scientists in the field of restoration science, and presents 10 recommendations based on four guiding restoration principles to promote LGBTQ+ inclusion and participation. The article emphasizes the concrete actions that individuals and institutions should take in practice, as well as the positive impact LGBTQ+ inclusion can have on building a healthier restoration community.
RESTORATION ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Philippe Janssen, John C. Stella, Bianca Rapple, Charles-Robin Gruel, Gabrielle Seignemartin, Bernard Pont, Simon Dufour, Herve Piegay
Summary: Many terrestrial ecosystems have been significantly transformed by human activities, particularly riverine ecosystems. Through a case study of legacy dike fields along the regulated Rhone River, it was found that long-term channelization and flow regulation have impacted environmental conditions and riparian forests, highlighting the importance of restoration strategies focusing on reconnection between dike fields and rivers.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guobo Liu, Quanqin Shao, Jiangwen Fan, Haibo Huang, Jiyuan Liu, Jianfeng He
Summary: This study quantitatively researched the restoration degree and restoration potential of water retention, soil retention, and windbreak and sand fixation services in the Three-River Headwaters Region. The results showed that the restoration degree and restoration potential of water retention and soil retention services displayed an east-high, west-low spatial pattern, while the restoration degree and restoration potential of windbreak and sand fixation services showed a west-high, east-low pattern, which were closely related to natural conditions such as precipitation and wind speed. The future implementation of ecological projects in the region should focus on degraded vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation measures in specific areas, while considering local climatic conditions and restoration potential.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Michael G. Jacox, Michael A. Alexander, Nathan J. Mantua, James D. Scott, Gaelle Hervieux, Robert S. Webb, Francisco E. Werner
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew J. Pershing, Nicholas R. Record, Bradley S. Franklin, Brian T. Kennedy, Loren McClenachan, Katherine E. Mills, James D. Scott, Andrew C. Thomas, Nicholas H. Wolff
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2019)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Michael A. Alexander, Sang-ik Shin, James D. Scott, Enrique Curchitser, Charles Stock
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew J. Allyn, Michael A. Alexander, Bradley S. Franklin, Felix Massiot-Granier, Andrew J. Pershing, James D. Scott, Katherine E. Mills
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael G. Jacox, Michael A. Alexander, Steven J. Bograd, James D. Scott
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kelly Mahoney, James D. Scott, Michael Alexander, Rachel McCrary, Mimi Hughes, Dustin Swales, Melissa Bukovsky
Summary: Future precipitation changes in the western United States, with a focus on California, are projected to experience significant shifts in mean monthly precipitation, extreme daily precipitation, seasonal snowpack, and the duration of wet seasons. While there may be disagreement among models on certain aspects, there is generally consensus on increasing extreme precipitation, decreasing snowpack, and a shorter wet season in the region.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Mimi Hughes, Dustin Swales, James D. Scott, Michael Alexander, Kelly Mahoney, Rachel R. McCrary, Robert Cifelli, Melissa Bukovsky
Summary: Rainfall and snowpack in the Western U.S. vary greatly and have significant societal relevance. Previous studies have shown that they are influenced by extreme integrated water vapor transport events along the coast. Future projections indicate a decrease in cool season precipitation at high elevations and an increase in the Great Basin.
Article
Oceanography
Dillon J. Amaya, Michael G. Jacox, Juliana Dias, Michael A. Alexander, Kristopher B. Karnauskas, James D. Scott, Maria Gehne
Summary: Accurate dynamical forecasts of ocean variables in the California Current System (CCS) are essential for ecosystem-based marine resource management. In this study, we evaluate the skill of subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictions of sea surface height (SSH) anomalies in the CCS using the ECMWF model. We find that the model consistently produces skillful forecasts, particularly in the southern and northern CCS at leads of 4-7 weeks. We also develop an index to characterize coastally trapped waves in the CCS and show that the S2S forecasts have enhanced skill when initialized with strong or extreme wave conditions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Review
Oceanography
Dillon J. Amaya, Michael A. Alexander, James D. Scott, Michael G. Jacox
Summary: The sparse and inconsistent coverage of ocean observations makes it challenging to analyze the impacts of climate on ocean physics and marine ecosystems. To overcome this, ocean reanalyses have been developed to provide uniform historical ocean state estimates. Recent advances in computing and observations have led to high-resolution ocean reanalyses, which allow for the investigation of coastal ocean variability with increased accuracy.
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dillon J. Amaya, Michael G. Jacox, Michael A. Alexander, James D. Scott, Clara Deser, Antonietta Capotondi, Adam S. Phillips
Summary: Recently, there has been considerable focus on understanding marine heatwaves (MHWs), known as warm ocean temperature extremes. However, most research has concentrated on surface MHWs (SMHW), neglecting the impacts of extreme warming on the seafloor. This study examines bottom marine heatwaves (BMHW) using high-resolution ocean reanalysis, revealing that BMHWs can be more intense and long-lasting than SMHWs, and they can occur independently of SMHWs in deeper regions where the mixed layer does not reach the seafloor with synchronicity between BMHWs and SMHWs typically decreasing.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Andrew J. Pershing, Michael A. Alexander, Damian C. Brady, David Brickman, Enrique N. Curchitser, Antony W. Diamond, Loren McClenachan, Katherine E. Mills, Owen C. Nichols, Daniel E. Pendleton, Nicholas R. Record, James D. Scott, Michelle D. Staudinger, Yanjun Wang
Summary: The Gulf of Maine has recently experienced its warmest 5-year period in the instrumental record, leading to declines in subarctic species, impacts on commercial and protected species, and an increase in harmful algal species. Future projections suggest that continued warming will exacerbate these ecosystem changes.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
S. A. Siedlecki, J. Salisbury, D. K. Gledhill, C. Bastidas, S. Meseck, K. McGarry, C. W. Hunt, M. Alexander, D. Lavoie, Z. A. Wang, J. Scott, D. C. Brady, I Mlsna, K. Azetsu-Scott, C. M. Liberti, D. C. Melrose, M. M. White, A. Pershing, D. Vandemark, D. W. Townsend, C. Chen, W. Mook, R. Morrison
Summary: The study reveals that ocean acidification in the Gulf of Maine is expected to worsen by 2050 due to recent warming and changes in regional circulation, especially near the coast and in subsurface waters. Despite most of the Gulf of Maine experiencing conditions below the critical Omega(a) threshold for a significant portion of the year under the projected climate scenario, the compensatory effect of projected warming will elevate saturation states above critical levels, preserving important fisheries locations.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dave Brickman, Michael A. Alexander, Andrew Pershing, James D. Scott, Zeliang Wang
Summary: The Gulf of Maine is experiencing its warmest period on record, with projections showing increases in sea surface and bottom temperatures by 2050. Simulations also suggest changes in salinity and stratification, which can be used to assess potential acidification and ecosystem changes in the Gulf of Maine.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Giuliana Turi, Michael Alexander, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Antonietta Capotondi, James Scott, Charles Stock, John Dunne, Jasmin John, Michael Jacox