Journal
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 12, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202103343
Keywords
carbon fibers; freestanding anodes; in situ Raman; in situ TEM; potassium-ion batteries; strain relaxation
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51904216, 21905218]
- Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province [2019CFA001]
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory [XHT2020-003]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [WUT: 2020IVB034, 2020IVA036, 2021CG014, WUT: 2021III016GX]
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
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This study reports a volume strain-relaxation electrode structure by encapsulating amorphous red phosphorus (RP) in 3D interconnected sulfur, nitrogen co-doped carbon nanofibers (RP@S-N-CNFs). The electrode exhibits high reversible capacities and extraordinary durability, providing insights into the design of next-generation high-performance potassium-ion batteries.
Red phosphorus (RP), as a promising anode for potassium-ion batteries (KIBs), and has attracted extensive attention due to its high theoretical capacity, low redox potential, and abundant natural sources. However, RP shows dramatic capacity decay and rapid structure degradation caused by huge volume expansion and poor electronic conductivity. Here, a volume strain-relaxation electrode structure is reported, by encapsulating well-confined amorphous RP in 3D interconnected sulfur, nitrogen co-doped carbon nanofibers (denoted as RP@S-N-CNFs). In situ transmission electron microscopy and the corresponding chemo-mechanical simulation reveal the excellent structural integrity and robustness of the N, S carbon matrix. As a freestanding anode for KIBs, the RP@S-N-CNFs electrode exhibits high reversible capacities (566.7 mAh g(-1) after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g(-1)) and extraordinary durability (282 mAh g(-1) after 2000 cycles at 2 A g(-1)). The highly reversible one-electron transfer mechanism with a final discharge product of KP and faster kinetics are demonstrated through in situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations. This work sheds light on the rational design of large-volume-vibration type anodes for next-generation high-performance KIBs.
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